What to do with a child aged 1-1.5 years: at home, on the street, what to do for a mother with a one-year-old child.

The age of one year and eight months is extremely interesting in terms of the psycho-emotional development of a child.

Most often, it is at this age that children develop pronounced independence, self-awareness, and a strong sense of ownership.

Many kids begin to speak in whole sentences, some strive to help their parents in everyday activities and play with their peers.

What parameters are normal at this age, and what requires correction by a pediatrician?

Emotional and physical development

At nine months, babies usually sit on their own, but especially active ones who are in a hurry try to stand and walk with support.
To strengthen the muscles, perform gymnastic exercises with the child: bend and straighten the legs and arms, teach the baby to crawl, squat and tilt the torso with support, do a “bicycle”, boxing movements, rolls from back to stomach and vice versa. To carry out a light massage, it is not necessary to use the services of a professional; a mother can independently organize such a useful procedure. They do exercises when the child is in a good mood, he is not tired, does not want to sleep or eat

It is important to create a calm atmosphere, you can turn on pleasant music

First, strokes are performed, then light rubbing and patting. They start with the arms, then massage the legs, tummy, and back. Each finger is kneaded separately, the tummy is massaged clockwise, and the back is massaged up and down and from the spine to the sides. The spine is not touched; at the end, light pats are performed throughout the body. During the massage session, the baby’s reaction is monitored, and if there are signs of dissatisfaction, the manipulations are completed. The duration of such activities should not exceed 15 minutes so that the child does not become overtired.

To develop fine motor skills and tactile sensitivity, the baby is given small objects in his hands, such as beads or cereals (under the supervision of an adult), a spoon, pencils, pieces of fabric and objects of different textures and sizes. Already at this age, the baby can be introduced to color by showing objects selected in the same color scheme.

The following will help develop the emotional sphere, speech, mental abilities, and gain new knowledge:

simple rhymes, for example “Magpie-Crow”;
nursery rhymes (“Heels”, “Ladushki”);
educational rhymes, for example “Introducing Fingers”;
games for different occasions (“Swimming”, “Getting a massage”).

Play activities do not last long when the baby is in a good mood. Poems should be short and easy to understand.

What can a baby do at this age?

Squats with support, sits, crawls, stands.
Repeats the movements of adults, for example, trying to dry his hands on his own.
Pronounces a variety of sounds, “sings”, babbles.
Interacts with objects: can leaf through the pages of a book, hold a pencil or spoon in his hand, tear napkins or knead plasticine in his hand.
Upon request, he shows where the mouth, eyes and other parts of the body are located with which he has been introduced.
Performs the desired action, such as sitting down or standing up.

The child should be praised for new successes, and if difficulties arise, the child should be helped. You should not allow him to do forbidden things, for example, tearing books or peeling off wallpaper: already at such a young age it is useful to teach the baby to be neat and orderly. The child still does not perceive the word “no” well, so potentially dangerous objects should be put away, cabinet doors should be securely closed and the movements of the curious fidget who is actively crawling should be constantly monitored.

Water procedures are used not only to wash away dirt from a child. This is a great way to have fun and an opportunity to strengthen your baby. The baby is bathed every day; he can spend up to half an hour in the bath. Rubber animals and balls, self-adhesive bathing products, plastic containers, a water pistol, soap bubbles and other suitable toys will help to interest and keep your baby in the water. If the baby does not like to bathe, you can move this hygiene event to an earlier time so as not to disturb him before bed.

Features of the psycho-emotional sphere

At the age of 20 months, the child develops a strong sense of self.

The baby develops “stubbornness”; he can vigorously defend his interests, push other children, preventing them from encroaching on his property - toys and books.

Many adults attribute this behavior to poor upbringing, but this is an age-related feature that is extremely difficult to combat.

Important! Under no circumstances should you physically punish a child at this age. This will not only have no effect, but can also deeply wound the psyche. Neuroses that arise at such a young age will be very difficult to treat.

If your baby is naughty, rule out the possibility that he is hungry or tired. Children closer to two years old may forget about physical needs, getting carried away by play, and become capricious without realizing the reason.

What can you play with your child?

At the age of one, a child loves to imitate adults: turn the TV on and off using the remote control, talk on the phone, help his mother. Kitchen utensils interest the little researcher, along with drawers and boxes. Give your child some safe items to make him feel included.

Both boys and girls must have a baby doll with clothes that they can feed and dress. Hair, sharp and small objects must be excluded. Since a child puts everything in his mouth, toys must be clean and environmentally friendly.

Cars and soft toys should also be age-appropriate: avoid small parts, long piles and anything that can get into the mouth and respiratory tract. The child will really like various pyramids, cubes, large toys that require folding and arranging in a certain order that develop motor skills and intelligence.

Toys with shaped holes will appeal to every little one - they are interesting and exciting. Be sure to praise and encourage, help when something doesn’t work out.

When you walk with your baby outside, if the weather permits, allow him to walk barefoot on the grass and pick a flower. Explain what birds and plants are, let them touch sand and pebbles. Now research and exploration of the world around us will be more conscious.
Study the sizes. To do this, you can collect boxes of different sizes and show how one folds into another. Do it yourself first, and then offer it to your child. Maybe not the first time, but he will learn to understand where the size is large and where it is smaller.
One-year-old and one-month-old babies love games with regular clothespins for drying clothes. Putting clothespins on the edge of a jar and then removing them not only causes a storm of emotions, but also develops fine motor skills.
Teach body parts with your son or daughter. To do this, show where the hand or eye or leg is, and then ask the baby to do the same.
Teach to play with other children. Show how you can ask for a toy and how it must be returned later. Speak in a polite and calm manner. Even if the child does not want to share at first, then repeat the request again after a while. After some time on the playground, he will definitely remember this exercise and begin to demonstrate it to the children.
Start learning colors. To do this, lay out sheets of colored paper on the floor and place selected toys of the same color on them. Voice the name of the color and toy. Then you can just play and then go back to studying.

Teach your child to care for others. Feed the dolls, dad, grandma. Bring your grandfather a newspaper together and ask him to give you a book. The baby will be happy to fulfill requests. And if you praise, the feeling of being important and needed will make the child the happiest.

Activities with your baby

Games

With a baby at 20 months, it is necessary to play outdoor games - this promotes the development of the vestibular apparatus and strengthens the muscles of the body. Football on the grass, throwing the ball to each other, trying to throw a ring on a stick are very useful at this age.

To develop social skills, you can play role-playing games with your child - daughters and mothers, in the profession of a doctor, fireman, veterinarian). Kids are happy to get involved in such games; after a while, children the same age will be able to play them on their own.

Toys

For role-playing games, children will happily use ready-made sets - for example, a doctor or a hairdresser.

As children approach two years of age, they begin to become interested in puppets, including glove puppets, with which they can stage small scenes from their favorite fairy tales. Children happily assemble construction sets, small, four to eight-piece puzzles.

Our website also contains materials about the following periods of babies’ lives: one year and 9 months, one year and 10 months, one year and 11 months.

Children's intelligence at 22 months

By the age of 1 year 10 months, children perfectly understand what adults are talking about, with the exception of words that are still unfamiliar in meaning. Gestures, facial expressions and intonations are developed. The child manages to maintain consistency in his actions.

More and more words appear in the baby’s vocabulary, he actively speaks, and in such a way that he is understood not only by parents who are accustomed to children’s slang, but also by strangers.

Children aged 1 year 10 months successfully cope with several sequential actions, being well aware of what comes first and what comes next. So, for example, when asked in a game to bathe a baby doll, the child first takes off his clothes, then bathes the toy, then wipes it with a towel, without confusing the order.

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Voting

Development at 1 year 10 months is characterized by the child's desire to recognize the limits of his skills, so parental patience is tested hourly by unscrewing something, slamming something, inserting something somewhere. You can limit your child’s activities in exploring the home environment with the help of toys where parts can be removed, moved, or opened. For example, these could be nesting dolls, houses with windows, cars with doors.

Features of hygiene and care

At the age of 1 year and 8 months, the child can be bathed both daily and every other day.

It is important at this age to teach your child to use the potty independently.

You should gradually give up diapers, wearing them only for walks.

It is necessary to teach your child to wash his hands with soap before eating, after walking and playing with pets - by the age of three, this habit should become natural.

At 20 months, a child is not able to brush his teeth well on his own - you need to help him, but definitely show him how to do it correctly.

Note! The baby should have his own children's toothbrush and toothpaste, appropriate for his age, without fluoride and chemical flavors.

Basic skills: what a 9-month-old baby can do

A child in the ninth month of life stands confidently, leaning on the side of the crib, the wall or the hand of an adult. If the baby feels sufficiently supported, he takes a few steps. The baby has not yet practiced walking on his own and prefers to crawl to get to the right place.

By this age, a child masters the crawling skill with a bang - it can be difficult to keep up with a baby. Important! At 9 months, the period of attraction to objects at height begins, so parents should be especially vigilant and remove dangerous things that are slightly higher than the baby’s height. So, what should a child at 9 months be able to do:

Sit down independently from any position. A child can sit for 10-15 minutes without difficulty, while reaching for objects and pulling the desired toy towards him.
The little fidget tries to climb onto low surfaces - sofas, chairs, armchairs, etc.
Being near a support, he stands up independently and takes small steps. In baby walkers he squats, tries to jump, and moves tirelessly in them for up to 10 minutes.
He actively uses the pinch grip in games. Tries to pick up small objects from the floor with two fingers.
The child’s physical development also undergoes changes; the baby’s first milk teeth begin to appear (or continue to grow), sometimes several teeth erupt simultaneously.
Speech is actively developing. The baby pronounces the cherished syllables “ma”, “pa”, “ba”. Gradually, the child’s speech includes new sounds and even short words (“on”, “where”, etc.).
He holds objects in his hands tightly and confidently, but it is still difficult for a 9-month-old baby to unclench his fingers - he is fully aware of the entire “mechanism” of the process. Therefore, it can be extremely difficult to take away an object that he grabbed from a baby.

Developmental differences between boys and girls

Despite the fact that development in children of both sexes is almost identical, you can notice some features in the perception of the world, games, and behavior in girls and boys even at such an early age.

Girls, regardless of temperament, show more interest in communication and emotions than boys. From infancy, the stronger sex is more interested in inanimate objects than people. Boys are often indifferent to sounds and voices than girls. That is why the vocabulary of women is replenished faster, which favors the early development of speech. Male children are better able to examine objects, play actively and develop spatial vision.

Girls have more developed peripheral vision, and they will prefer attention and affection to toys.

Physical parameters per year and eight months

Closer to two years, children of the same age may have quite a large discrepancy in both weight and height . But still, there are certain standards that should be relied upon, and if they are strongly shifted in any direction, you should definitely consult a pediatrician.

At 20 months, the average height of children can range from 78 to 86 cm.
Boys' weight is considered normal between 11 and 12.5 kg, girls - between 10 and 12 kg.
The head circumference in girls is 46.5-49 cm, in boys the normal head circumference is 48-50 cm.
There can be either 12 or 18 teeth - all this is the age norm.
Chest circumference for girls is 49.15 - 51.90, for boys 49.15 - 52.90 cm.

The baby’s weight gain is not so rapid; in a month it may not change at all.