Is it possible to get the DPT vaccine if you have a runny nose? Why is mantoux dangerous?

For what purpose do doctors administer a tuberculin test?

Mantoux is a test that is necessary to determine the causative agent of tuberculosis. A subcutaneous injection is not considered a vaccination and is used for timely detection of Koch's bacillus.

Tuberculin contains dead bacteria that enter the child’s body. After administration of the drug, a button forms at the injection site, which enlarges in the presence of a pathogen.

The tuberculin test performs several functions:

1. Mantoux vaccination serves to identify people who are carriers of Koch's bacillus. The immunological reaction appears only 24-72 hours after administration of the drug.
2. Thanks to the procedure, it is possible to confirm the presence of an infection that is in the active phase.

Recovery period

If Mantoux was not given for objective reasons (runny nose, cough, fever), then the body is expected to fully recover after the illness.

Enough time must pass because even if there are no symptoms of a runny nose or cough, the infection can still persist inside the body. They wait at least two weeks, and at least eight weeks must pass after pneumonia.

At this time, parents should monitor their immunity and the defenses of the baby’s body. And only when a clinical blood test confirms the absence of viruses or bacteria in the blood, which in severe cases are donated several times a month, can Mantoux be done.

A tuberculin test is an effective indicator that you need to better monitor your immunity and pay special attention to the health of your children. It is also important to remember that the test results are not a diagnosis, but serve as an additional examination that must be interpreted by a doctor.

How does the Mantoux test affect babies with a runny nose?

Doctors do not have a clear opinion regarding the issue of performing Mantoux for a runny nose. Some experts believe that subcutaneous administration of the drug is not capable of having a noticeable effect on the state of the immune system.

When administered subcutaneously, the reagents are localized in a specific location. Under the influence of tuberculin, a certain reaction occurs in the baby, which makes it possible to identify the fact of carriage. Most parents refuse the procedure if the baby has a runny nose.

The following diseases may be reasons for refusing Mantoux:

1. The baby has symptoms of bacterial or viral rhinitis.
2. The child suffers from catarrhal or allergic rhinitis in a chronic form.
3. The baby began to develop ozena, an unpleasant disease that is accompanied by the discharge of pus. The administration of tuberculin can lead to a deterioration in the child’s condition.
4. A severe cough indicates damage to the nasopharynx by dangerous bacteria or viruses. In this condition, the baby needs drug treatment.

Doctors evaluate the state of the child's immune system. After ARVI, the baby should not be given Mantu for a month.

Children suffering from pneumonia require long-term treatment. In this case, the procedure will have to be postponed for at least 2 months. To make a decision, a detailed blood test may be required.

Possible complications

This procedure is associated with the following complications:

Adverse reactions appear most often due to vitamin deficiency, general weakness of the body and unfavorable genetic predisposition. An undesirable reaction of the body also occurs in response to an incorrect dose selection.

If you put Mantoux during a cold, the following adverse reactions may occur:

You should immediately contact a phthisiatrician in the following cases:

Important! The examination of children should be carried out in an anti-tuberculosis dispensary.

The insidiousness and danger of tuberculosis, its high prevalence make it necessary to constantly examine children. The Mantoux test is a highly effective method for diagnosing this serious infectious disease. If you have a cold, it is recommended to refrain from vaccination for a while. It is impossible to completely abandon the diagnosis of tuberculosis. Mantoux is the simplest way to detect a disease when it does not show symptoms.

What effect does a runny nose have on test results?

Colds complicate the examination process. An increase in the size of a papule does not always indicate the presence of Koch's bacillus. The body of a child with symptoms of a runny nose is forced to fight pathogenic microorganisms.

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When examining a patient, doctors receive a distorted picture, since inflammatory processes cause swelling and redness at the injection site.

Several factors can be identified that influence the reliability of the results obtained.

1. The state of the immune system depends on the presence of infectious diseases.
2. It is necessary to properly care for the sample site for 3 days.

Body reaction

The body's reaction to the introduction of tuberculin into it is similar to an allergic one. This is why some allergic diseases affect the test result. The reaction will not be reliable if the person has a skin disease, acute or chronic pathology, or epilepsy.

The Mantoux reaction goes like this:

Komarovsky's advice

Often parents do not know the purpose of the tuberculin test. They perceive this procedure as an inoculation or vaccination. The main task of Mantoux is to timely identify the fact of carriage.

The dose of tuberculin present in the sample is so small that it cannot have a detrimental effect on the child’s immune system. Komarovsky recommends giving up Mantoux if your baby has a severe cough and runny nose.

During the process of reproduction, harmful bacteria release toxins. The child’s immune system is forced to respond to the penetration of pathogenic microorganisms. To conduct the examination, the consent of the baby's parents is required. Komarovsky does not recommend making Mantu if quarantine has been introduced at school or kindergarten. The reaction to the drug depends not only on the physiological characteristics of the child.

It is necessary to properly care for the injection site. After introducing the reagents under the baby’s skin, tuberculin reacts with the immune system. The procedure allows you to identify antibodies that are produced in the body.

Tuberculin contains neutralized segments of tuberculosis bacteria. Most doctors are convinced that there is no clear connection between the Mantoux test and a runny nose.

The tuberculin test does not pose a danger to the baby, provided that precautions are followed. Mantu should not be given to children who are infected with a bacterial or viral infection. During this period, the body's defenses are under increased stress. The introduction of a tuberculin composition can only complicate the baby’s condition.

Advice! The immunological test can be started only after complete recovery.

What is the procedure

Tuberculin is administered intradermally to the child using a very thin needle. After the injection, a local allergic reaction appears. If the body has previously had contact with the tuberculosis bacillus, then an allergic reaction will occur locally at the injection site. If the body has never encountered this pathogen before, then the reaction will not appear.

The area where the injection was given should not be combed, treated with antiseptic agents or covered with dressings. The results are assessed two days later, but no later than three days after Mantoux is performed.

In the absence of antibodies, no trace remains on the skin or slight hyperemia appears. A small compacted formation indicates a positive reaction. If it is pronounced positive, the size of the compaction can be 15-16 mm in diameter.

A positive test with a size of more than 12 mm requires more careful monitoring of the baby. If there are clear signs of inflammation or the size of the hyperemic lesion is more than 17 mm and is associated with enlarged lymph nodes, then such a child needs additional examination by a phthisiatrician.

Contraindications to the procedure

The doctor will explain to concerned parents in what cases Mantoux should not be done:

1. The child was recently vaccinated. The Mantoux test is performed no earlier than 4-5 weeks after vaccination.
2. Exacerbation of chronic or primary acute infectious pathologies. In such cases, the procedure is carried out only after 3-4 weeks.
3. Serious dermatological diseases, including urticaria and atopic dermatitis.
4. If the baby received a blood transfusion or used medications obtained from blood, then a tuberculin test is allowed to be done no earlier than 14 days after this.
5. Closure of kindergartens or schools for quarantine. Children are allowed to participate in the study after the removal of a set of restrictive and regime anti-epidemic measures or after a persistent improvement in the child’s condition (at least 2 weeks after that).

Contraindications to the Mantoux test include the presence of a cough in the child. And although a runny nose is also a contraindication for testing, some pediatricians still perform a tuberculin test at their own risk. But if the baby has a cough, they are more categorical .

If the child’s body is weakened due to a prolonged runny nose, then it is better to refrain from the Mantoux test until the child has fully recovered. This is due to the fact that when an infection enters the body, which is expressed in the form of a runny nose or other symptoms, all protective forces are rushed to fight the pathogen. And the Mantoux test further reduces the immune status.

Possible complications

If, when performing a tuberculin test, the body reacted with a violent allergic reaction, then it is not possible to observe what reaction the mycobacterium will cause.

In addition, the following complications are possible after the test::

• low-grade fever or fever;
• various dermatological rashes;
• decreased appetite or complete absence of it;
• weakness and increased fatigue;
• itching and pain at the injection site, swelling of the arm.

An allergic reaction can occur not only in the place where the vaccine was given, but also in any part of the body. If allergic reactions to this procedure have previously been observed, then you should take antihistamines three days after the Mantoux test.

Also, to reduce the likelihood of developing adverse reactions in children, it is necessary to give up chocolate, coffee, honey, nuts and citrus fruits before the test and before evaluating the results.

How long after illness can Mantoux be done?

If the baby has suffered from ARVI, you will have to wait for a month. The Mantoux test cannot be performed immediately after an illness. Premature administration of the tuberculin drug will distort the results. Residual symptoms of a runny nose are not an obstacle to the procedure.

Important! Only the attending physician can determine the exact date of the examination. Typically, the duration of recovery after an acute respiratory infection is 1 month.

Alarming results

Sometimes parents are faced with a situation where a test that was previously always negative turns positive (and there was no BCG vaccination). In medicine, this phenomenon is called the “tuberculin test turn.” If it occurs, this may mean that the child has become infected with a tuberculosis bacillus. The child will be scheduled for a consultation with a TB doctor, an x-ray of the lungs will be required and additional tests will be performed, after which the child will be prescribed treatment.

If over the course of 4-5 years the Mantoux test remains pronounced (more than 12 mm in transverse measurement), this may also indicate the development of pulmonary tuberculosis.

What points should you pay attention to?

3 days after the procedure, doctors evaluate the Mantoux reaction. Specialists measure the diameter of the infiltrate that forms at the injection site. To identify the presence of the causative agent of tuberculosis, you can use the table.

Vaccinations that may cause a runny nose

The Mantoux tuberculin test and DTP vaccination are carried out annually on thousands of children, starting from the age of one.
These injections are given to prevent the development of such serious diseases as tuberculosis, diphtheria, whooping cough, and tetanus. The appearance of a runny nose after Mantoux and DTP vaccination is a common adverse reaction. Very rarely is this a serious cause for concern.

As a rule, complications are associated not with the properties of the administered drug, but with a number of other reasons that are often overlooked.

For all children under 17 years of age, the test is carried out as follows: using a sterile disposable syringe, a small dose (0.1 ml of solution) of an antigen called tuberculin is injected under the patient’s skin. Within a few days, inflammation on the papule appears. Based on the size of its zone, one can draw conclusions about the body’s response to the microbacterium tuberculosis:

• negative (no infiltrate);
• doubtful (infiltrate up to 4 mm in size or the presence of edema);
• positive (infiltrate more than 5mm);
• sharply positive (infiltrate with a diameter of 17 mm or more in children, 21 mm or more in adults, the presence of purulent inflammation).

There are contraindications for this procedure, for example, Mantoux is not done for a runny nose or cough. Tuberculin management always affects the weakening of the child’s immune system, and complications may arise.

The reaction is carried out only in completely healthy patients, because Due to the presence of infections in the body, you can get a false test result.

After the procedure, a number of side effects often occur:

• allergy;
• dermatitis;
• migraine;
• increased body temperature;
• general fatigue;
• nausea and vomiting;
• cough;
• rhinitis.

A runny nose is a common complication after Mantoux. In itself, it is not dangerous; often the symptom goes away as suddenly as it appears. Rarely does a runny nose become a cause for serious concern.

As a consequence of the individual hypersensitivity of the body, it can manifest itself in the form of allergic rhinitis, causing discomfort to the patient. To eliminate it, simple antihistamines are used.

Weakened immunity in a child during the procedure is one of the popular causes of a runny nose. Influenza and acute respiratory infections at the initial stage of the disease can pass without pronounced symptoms.

Against the backdrop of a weakened immune system of the body, the Mantoux test becomes a kind of catalyst for the disease, and a runny nose appears.

Treatment is carried out with appropriate medications and gentle therapeutic methods (inhalations, heating).

Less commonly, complications after vaccination may occur due to non-compliance with contraindications or the quality of the administered drug. Adverse reactions occur rarely, but such circumstances are a reason to consult a doctor. First of all, this is necessary for a correct assessment of the test result.

DTP vaccination

DTP vaccination is carried out against diphtheria, tetanus and whooping cough. The purpose of vaccination is to develop immunity to these diseases. The main contraindications are:

• presence of hypersensitivity to the administered drug;
• colds;
• temperature;
• cough and runny nose.

The injection is performed intramuscularly. After vaccination, it is recommended to take antipyretic drugs to relieve and anesthetize inflammation at the injection site and avoid the risk of fever cramps in children.

When developing immunity to the administered drug, the following may occur:

• inflammation and swelling at the injection site;
• pain syndrome;
• allergic reaction (especially in the form of redness and dermatitis).

Such side effects are an acceptable norm during the procedure; this indirectly indicates that the vaccination was effective and the child is developing new immunity.

Inflammation and swelling are usually relieved by antipyretic drugs, which contain analgesic and anti-inflammatory components.

A runny nose after DPT vaccination is one of the common reactions. It may be allergic in nature or an indicator of reduced immunity in the patient. For allergic rhinitis, antihistamines are prescribed for treatment, which do not affect the vaccine.

A runny nose may appear as a result of a viral infection due to the general decreased state of the child’s immune system during the vaccination period.

In this case, the patient is prescribed appropriate medications to reduce the risk of developing the disease and worsening the patient’s condition. Recommended treatments include:

• anti-inflammatory and antipyretic drugs (for example, Nurofen);
• nasal sprays that moisturize the nasal mucosa;
• nasal rinsing;
• inhalation of medicinal herbs.

Prevention

To reduce the risk of adverse reactions and possible complications from procedures, you should:

• Before the injection, be examined by a therapist to make sure that the child is completely healthy;
• strengthen the immune system before the procedure;
• exclude foods that cause allergies from the diet;
• in case of individual hypersensitivity, refuse to inject the drug;
• adhere to the vaccination plan drawn up by your physician.

The risks of developing side effects from the Mantoux test and DTP vaccination are minimal, so you should not refuse to carry them out.

Thanks to such planned measures, you can significantly reduce the likelihood of serious illnesses in your child.

Source: https://pakpred.ru/proyavleniya/nasmork/posle-privivok.html