How to properly feed a newborn: breast milk, bottle and formula

The birth of a baby is a joyful event for the whole family, for which they prepare in advance. From the first days of life, the most important thing for a newborn is feeding, and the mother should take care of this. For the baby, the main and only food is breast milk, which should be supplied in sufficient quantities. To avoid problems, it is necessary to prepare the breasts for feeding even before birth. In the second trimester, a contrast shower and light breast massage without touching the nipples are useful. This will help stabilize blood circulation, create conditions for milk production, and further breastfeeding.

Some women have poorly defined nipples. To prepare them for breastfeeding, you need to use two fingers, holding them in a V-shape, to press on the nipple circle, passing the nipple through your fingers. Manipulations must be done alternately, holding your fingers horizontally and vertically.

After giving birth, many mothers wonder: how to properly feed a newborn? When breastfeeding, it is necessary to lightly rub your breasts with a towel after your daily shower. To protect the nipples and areola from drying out, they are lubricated with creams after feeding.

Is colostrum nutritious?

Your first feeding will take place in the maternity ward 6-10 hours after birth. It is believed that the sooner a newborn begins to suckle, the better for both the baby and the mother’s lactation.

Soon after birth, the mammary glands begin to produce colostrum, which must be fed to the baby. Its volume is relatively small - it is no more than 30 ml, but the process of its creation in the mammary glands occurs continuously. Previously, colostrum was considered empty, but as it turned out, on the contrary, it is fed correctly and brings great benefits to the baby.

This liquid contains large quantities of bifidobacteria, which, entering the baby’s esophagus and passing through the entire system, after some time settle in the baby’s intestines. Thus, when fed with colostrum, the microflora of the newborn is created, and the immune system begins to launch. Do not be afraid that your baby will not be full of colostrum in the first days: if you are lying in the same room with the baby, then you have the opportunity and time to feed the baby often, at least every half hour, if he asks for it. Such application to the breast will stimulate the production of prolactin, the hormone responsible for milk production, and, therefore, will only speed up lactation and increase its volume. If you and your baby are lying apart, the nurses will definitely supplement him with formula.

How much should a newborn eat?

In the first minutes of life, the newborn is placed on the mother's breast so that the baby can receive nutritious and healthy colostrum. During one feeding, a newborn eats 5-7 milliliters of liquid, and about 60 per day. The next day, the volume of colostrum consumed increases to 20-27 milliliters per feeding. On the third day, the woman begins to produce milk, by this time the newborn’s stomach has increased slightly and he should already eat 300-340 milliliters of mother’s milk per day, 30 milliliters per feeding. Every day the volume of food consumed increases by 10 milliliters and by 1.5 weeks the child sucks out 700-900 milliliters per day.

Although there are norms for daily milk consumption by infants, each child is individual. The baby has his own temperament, appetite, and physical development, so he can eat more or less than normal at a time. If the child is gaining the required weight, he is healthy and active, then there should be no reason for concern.

When does breast milk appear?

Two to three days after birth, the first discharge from the breast will change and milk will replace colostrum. It is right to continue to feed your newborn as often as possible, this way you will train his sucking skills and stimulate your own lactation. Carefully feel your breasts: at the first sign of painful lumps inside, massage, rub and express. Do not hesitate to ask medical staff for advice and assistance. They will tell you and show you how to hold your baby correctly and how often you need to feed him in the first days.

How to properly feed a newborn baby?

Often babies, demanding to eat, are so carried away by the process of crying that they do not notice that their mother has been trying to feed him for a long time, and do not take the breast. Any newborn has a developed sucking reflex, so in order for him to start eating, you just need to tickle the baby’s lips with your nipple. The mouth will immediately open slightly and you can begin feeding the baby.

Be sure to make sure that your breasts do not interfere with your baby’s breathing during the process. There should be both a nipple and part of the halo in the baby’s mouth; if this is not the case, carefully “tuck” the missing parts inside.

If you still have little milk in the first days, but the baby has eaten and asks for more, feed the newborn from the other breast. Correctly follow the order of “food sources” and, before offering the second mammary gland, make sure that everything has actually been sucked out of the first one.

If for some reason your milk doesn’t come, don’t give up trying, let the baby try and suck as much as he can until he cries, then offer him formula from a bottle. If you frequently stimulate your nipples, this can eventually trigger the natural mechanism of lactation.

Breastfeeding, and the norm in quantity

You can avoid anxiety due to a lack of milk by establishing lactation from the first days of attaching your baby to the breast. To do this, you need to learn more about breastfeeding, maybe even specifically learn this from a lactation consultant.

Here are some tips for moms who are breastfeeding.

It is impossible to determine how much a baby eats at one time. This requires at least a day.
Just as a baby grows “by leaps and bounds,” so does his appetite. And this is the norm. If your baby asks for the breast more often, don’t refuse.
You cannot limit a child’s food intake if he persistently demands it.
Don't do your baby a disservice! When the baby starts to suckle on one breast, he should suckle from it to the hindmilk. Necessarily. This milk is considered the most useful. If you suckle on one breast, after 10-15 minutes, the baby will receive it. But sometimes, little sloths, when faced with difficulties, do not want to make any effort, and mothers give them another breast, where, accordingly, at the very beginning, the milk itself is injected into the mouth.
At night, lactation is much higher than during the day. For this reason, it is simply necessary to attach the baby to the breast at night.
Sometimes a baby may stop eating because mother's milk has lost its fat content. This also needs to be monitored.
During the first three months, hormones work very diligently on the female body. Therefore, during this period, a nursing mother simply needs to establish the feeding process. Otherwise, problems cannot be avoided.
After three months, your breasts should no longer be as full as before. But quite the opposite. You may get the impression that it is completely empty. But as soon as the mother attaches the baby to the breast, there is exactly as much milk as the baby needs. This is exactly how it should be if everything is done correctly from the very beginning.
When something changes in the mother’s body, the baby’s behavior can, of course, change. For example, a child may ask to eat more often or less often. But don’t think that he doesn’t get enough or is overeating. If he feels normal, then he is simply adapting to the changes.
In fact, it happens that the mother does not have enough milk. But there is no need to panic here either. Otherwise, the nerves on the body will not have a very favorable effect. There is an exit. You need to put your baby to the breast more often, and eventually you will achieve a sufficient amount of milk.
There is no need to express breast milk to determine the amount in the breast. Firstly, it is impossible to strain out exactly as much of it as is there. And if a child very often demands the breast, this does not mean there is no milk in it.
You should not try to increase the amount of milk; this may not be entirely advisable.

Summarize. If you are a nursing mother and love your child very much, never panic and do not rush from one extreme to another. Before drawing any conclusions, weigh everything carefully and be sure to consult your doctor. The benefits of breastfeeding are enormous; you can always feed your baby whenever he wants. And of course, most importantly, breastfeeding is the most beneficial for a child’s health.

How often should you feed your newborn?

The standard break between meals for newborns is 3 hours. It is not at all necessary to strictly adhere to this time and torment a crying child with waiting for the “X hour”. Modern pediatricians believe that feeding on demand is optimal for both the newborn and the mother. You give the baby the breast when he asks to eat, but first make sure that the cause of the crying is not colic or discomfort. Also, the baby may whine if he is lonely and just wants his mother's warmth. When the baby cries, you should determine why he is acting this way - check the diaper, rub his tummy and hug him. If the baby continues to cry, offer him the breast. You will often arrange such checks in the first days, then all mothers can correctly determine the cause of whims by the timbre of crying.

The newborn will also wake up at night in order to eat. It’s up to you to decide where to feed it correctly. Some mothers place the baby next to them and fall asleep together. Others are afraid to crush the child in his sleep and, after feeding, put him back in the crib, thereby losing precious night time for sleep.

Baby feeding frequency

From the first days of life, a newborn is applied to the breast 9-12 times a day. At this time, the mother’s mammary glands are just beginning to work, and the baby receives nutritious colostrum. After milk appears, the frequency of feeding the baby remains the same.

Let's take a closer look at the features of how to properly feed a newborn in time:

From one to three months, the baby is fed up to nine times within 24 hours, leaving three hours between feedings.
When the baby reaches three months, the frequency of feedings is reduced to six times a day and twice a night. The interval between feedings increases to three and a half hours.
At six months, the baby is put to the breast five times a day, with an interval of four hours, and twice at night.
From nine months to one year, feeding is left up to five times; at night the baby is fed once.

By adhering to an individual feeding schedule, parents will be able to avoid gastrointestinal diseases in the child in the future. Mothers can also choose to feed on demand. The frequency of milk consumption by an infant can reach from five to nine times a day, with an interval of three hours between meals.

Do I need to give my baby extra water?

It is believed that mother's milk is quite enough to meet the baby's fluid needs. But in practice, everything is not so ideal. The newborn’s body spends water to produce urine and saliva, soften stools, moisten breath, etc. Such fluid losses are considered physiological and are fully covered by the amount of water that comes through breast milk.

But there are situations when there is not enough moisture. For example, during the heating season the air becomes too dry, or the baby’s intestines malfunction and diarrhea begins, or the baby may feel hot and begin to sweat - in all these cases, mild dehydration occurs. You need to keep an eye on your baby and give him additional fluids to replenish his fluids; this should be done correctly with regular mineral water.

What positions are comfortable for feeding?

The most important factor when choosing a feeding position is comfort. This process should bring pleasure to both mother and baby. There are two optimal feeding positions:

Many mothers note the convenience of feeding while lying down. So the mother rests, and the baby lies calmly, and both breasts are within his reach. If it is inconvenient for the baby to reach the upper mammary gland, you can place a pillow under the newborn. Be sure to ensure that the mammary gland does not cover the baby’s nose and does not interfere with his breathing properly.
in a sitting position, you can quickly react if the baby wants to burp. The newborn's head rests on the mother's forearm, and by raising her hand she can adjust its position.

Favorable positions for feeding

Mothers feeding their babies with breast milk spend several hours a day on this procedure. Therefore, in order for a woman to feel comfortable breastfeeding her newborn, it is necessary to choose a comfortable and at the same time correct position.

So, let’s take a closer look at favorable feeding positions:

Cradle pose
— the baby’s head lies on the bend of the elbow, the hand of the same arm supports the back. The palm of the other hand rests on the baby’s lower back; when feeding, the baby should lie on its side, pressing against the mother’s stomach.
Pose "Under the hand"
ideal for women after cesarean section, with large breasts and flat nipples. The baby is placed on a pillow, perpendicular to the mother, that is, on the side under the arm. When feeding, the woman, reclining, leans on her elbow, supporting the baby's head with the same hand.
Lying pose
- the mother lies on her side and places the newborn’s head on her elbow, supporting the baby’s back or her chest with her other hand. In this position, the baby must lie on his side.
Sitting pose
relevant for newborns over six months. The mother sits the child on her lap and holds her close, supporting the back with one hand and lifting her chest with the other hand.
Read also: Psychomotor development of children aged 2.5 years to 5 years. American Academy of Pediatrics
"Relaxed feeding"
- Mom lies down on the bed, puts pillows under her head and arms. The baby is placed on top of his stomach, supported by one hand on the back. In this position, the baby will intuitively find the breast; the mother can only slightly direct it in the right direction. This feeding is recommended when there is a strong flow of milk to prevent the baby from choking.

In an uncomfortable position, the newborn does not grasp the nipple correctly, which leads to stagnation of milk in the breast, the appearance of cracks in the nipple, and the child swallowing air.

What foods are prohibited for a nursing mother?

It is known that a nursing mother needs to adhere to a fairly strict diet. After all, from now on, everything that she eats goes to the child. The baby’s body is still weak and reacts to everything, so many familiar foods should be excluded from the mother’s diet.

The older generation confidently states that young mothers need to exclude everything red from their diet in order to prevent allergies in the baby. Indeed, nursing mothers are prohibited from eating tomatoes, red apples, pomegranates and berries - cherries, strawberries, wild strawberries and grapes. You should eat sweets and honey with caution. All these products can cause a negative reaction not only in the child, but also in the hormonally unstable mother. At first, a newborn, due to unstable intestinal function, almost constantly suffers from colic, so the mother should exclude from her diet foods that have a gas-forming effect: cabbage, radishes and legumes.

To ensure sufficient lactation, nursing mothers are advised to drink plenty of fluids. A young mother should eat dairy products, lean meats and fish, cheeses and cottage cheese. You can eat any fruit, but not citrus fruits, red fruits or grapes. As for vegetables, avoid tomatoes and cabbage.

It is important to rest as often and as long as possible and be less nervous, because due to fatigue or anxiety, milk production may decrease, and under severe stress, stop altogether.

Do I need to pump?

You will need pumping in the following cases:

if you are not with your baby (for example, he or you were admitted to the hospital) or are taking medications, but you need to maintain lactation;
if you are forced to leave during the day (for work or business), and one of your relatives can feed your baby your milk from a bottle;
if the newborn does not eat all the milk, in order to avoid congestion and inflammation, you need to express and smooth out, knead all the lumps and nodules in the breast.

There is no need to store “harmful” milk - with antibiotics or other medications; after expressing it, it is poured out. Good milk can be frozen for future use; there are special sterile bags for this. It can be stored for a long time without losing its nutritional properties. Defrost it correctly at room temperature and heat it in a water bath. It is not advisable to simply store expressed milk in the refrigerator for more than a day, since in this case everything useful will evaporate from it.

Until what age is it optimal to breastfeed a baby?

As a rule, by the age of six months, the energy that he receives from milk becomes insufficient for the baby. The newborn moves frequently and actively, and the baby’s intestines are almost ready to digest new types of food. Meanwhile, breast milk contains less and less nutrients than it did in the first days.

Pediatricians recommend starting to gradually introduce complementary foods from the age of 5-6 months. The doctor, based on his observations of the baby’s development, recommends where exactly to start - with vegetables, fruits or cereals. So, by gradually introducing new foods into your baby’s diet and replacing entire feedings with them, you will lead your baby to give up breast milk.

Features of nutrition of a child of the first year of life

In recent decades, debates have continued about the advantages and disadvantages of artificial feeding, about the possible choice for a mother to breastfeed or formula feed, but it is still necessary to remember that breast milk is the ideal type of food for an infant, despite the fact that technologies for preparing formulas for artificial feeding are the highest. World experience shows that almost 96-98% of women can feed babies with breast milk - the most valuable and irreplaceable food product for children in the first months of life, ideally suited for the child. Breast milk contains, in addition to nutrients, many biologically active components and protective factors, including enzymes, hormones, vitamins, hormone-like substances, interleukins, growth and tissue differentiation factors and others, which are extremely important for the growth and development of the baby. The uniqueness of breast milk is that it “adapts” to the intestines individually, facilitating the adaptation of the entire gastrointestinal tract (GIT), ensuring its proper colonization with beneficial microorganisms. Thanks to this, doctors can correct disorders of the intestinal microbiocenosis without the use of drugs. Breast milk contains a unique composition of immune factors (secretory immunoglobulin A, lactoferrin, lysozyme). Thanks to them, human milk has powerful anti-infective properties. Breastfeeding forms a correct bite around the nipple, reduces the incidence of dental problems in early childhood, and reduces the incidence of caries. It is important that breastfeeding provides close emotional and psychological contact between the baby and the mother. Breastfeeding creates an amazing feeling of security, closeness and trust that lasts for many years. And finally, breast milk does not need to be prepared, it is sterile and at the required temperature. In accordance with modern ideas, breastfeeding newborns is based on the following principles: • Placing the baby on the mother's breast immediately after birth, which, in fact, starts the lactation process. In this case, milk in the mammary gland is produced under the influence of prolactin, and the mammary gland is emptied under the influence of oxytocin. At the same time, the secretion of prolactin and, accordingly, milk production increases when the mammary gland is emptied. • Staying together between mother and child in the postpartum department to reduce the contact of the newborn with other children in order to prevent possible infection. At the same time, there is also a direct possibility of feeding the child on demand, which also prevents children from supplementing with water or glucose. When staying together, the postpartum mother quickly acquires the necessary skills to care for a newborn under the guidance of medical personnel. • Only breast milk should be used as the main and only product for feeding a newborn. The use of pacifiers, horns and pacifiers is unacceptable, as this leads to weakened sucking by the newborn and, accordingly, to incomplete emptying of the mammary gland and a decrease in the production of prolactin. • Breastfeeding the newborn at his first request, without night intervals. The benefits of breastfeeding for a child in the first year of life are obvious. But in modern environmental and social conditions, parents and pediatricians are increasingly having to use human milk substitutes. The need to introduce complementary foods into the diet of children who are both naturally and artificially fed is recognized by almost all researchers in the field of pediatric nutrition; questions about the timing of the introduction of complementary foods, the sequence of introduction of various types of complementary foods and their range remain the subject of debate. Despite the undoubted advantages of mother's milk, as the child grows there is a need to expand his diet and introduce additional complementary foods. Complementary feeding products are designated abroad by the German term “beikost”. This term refers to all baby food products, except human milk and its substitutes, i.e. fruit and vegetable juices and the whole range of other products designated in our country by the term “complementary feeding products” (i.e. fruit and vegetable purees, cereals, meat purees, cottage cheese, etc.) From our point of view, the traditional for Russia separation of fruit and vegetable juices, as well as cottage cheese and egg yolk into a group separate from other complementary feeding products (the so-called food additives) is impractical, since juices, cottage cheese, purees, and cereals are food products that differ from mother’s milk and supplement the baby’s diet with certain foods substances. At the same time, we propose to introduce the concept of complementary feeding products and complementary feeding dishes, classifying in the first group juices, cottage cheese, yolks, butter and vegetable oil, and in the second group fruit and vegetable purees, porridges, meat and meat-vegetable, fish and fish-vegetable purees, i.e. e. dishes that ultimately replace an entire meal. The need to expand the baby food diet and supplement mother's milk (or its substitutes) with complementary feeding products and dishes is due to the following main factors: • The feasibility of expanding the range of nutrients in baby food, in particular, due to vegetable protein, various types of carbohydrates, and fatty acids contained in complementary feeding products , microelements necessary for the further growth and development of the child. • The need to train and develop the digestive system and chewing apparatus of children and stimulate the motor activity of their intestines. • The need for additional introduction into the body of a growing child of sources of energy and a number of nutrients (protein, iron, zinc, etc.), which are supplied with human milk (or milk formulas simulating its composition) at a certain stage of infant development (from 4–6 months) becomes insufficient, in particular for 4 months. During lactation, there is a significant decrease in the content of zinc and copper in human milk, as a result of which a breastfed child may experience a relative deficiency of these nutrients. Thus, complementary feeding is the introduction of new food, more high-calorie and concentrated, gradually and consistently replacing breastfeeding. The scheme for introducing complementary foods was developed by the Research Institute of Nutrition of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, depending on the type of feeding (Tables 1, 2). When should you start introducing complementary foods to children? Almost all experts agree that you should not start introducing complementary foods before 4 months, and also delay it until over 6 months of age. Modern guidelines regarding the introduction of complementary foods are based on the study of the physiology of the development of the child’s organs and systems, his readiness to accept new food (Table 3). Basic rules for introducing complementary foods: • each child may have an individual reaction to the tolerance of complementary foods; • the timing of introducing complementary foods for each child can vary within 1–2 months; • the child must be healthy during the period of introducing new complementary foods. If a child is sick, he or she experiences severe “intestinal colic” (up to 4 months, the introduction of complementary foods is extremely fraught with “breakdown”); • the introduction of all complementary foods is carried out fractionally, you need to start with a few grams of the product, since any food is new for the child; • complementary feeding is given to the child before breastfeeding, when the child is hungry, after which the breast is offered (to maintain lactation and for the child to receive fluids); • when feeding, you cannot introduce more than one type of new complementary food; • first, one-component complementary foods are introduced. After habituation and the absence of allergic reactions (usually after 1–2 weeks), mixtures of 2 or more products are given, since the optimal ratio of ingredients is created in the mixed puree; • in the first days of introducing complementary foods, the products should be quite liquid (for example, porridge can be 5% at first), gradually the complementary foods become thicker; • food should be served heated to 37–39°C; • with natural feeding, the timing of introducing complementary foods can be shifted by 2 months and new products can be introduced after 6 months. Despite significant national differences in the timing of the introduction of various types of complementary foods, in recent years there has been a trend in all countries towards its introduction at a later date than previously recommended. It is noteworthy that the recommendations in force in Russia in the 60s of the 20th century provided for a rather late introduction of complementary foods: juices from 2–3 months, meat puree from 6–7 months. etc. Even later dates for the introduction of a number of products into baby food were recommended by A.V. Mazurin et al.: minced meat – from 7–7.5 months, yolk – from 5 months. etc. However, in the 80s, largely based on the research of V.G. Kislyakovskaya, who revealed the positive effect of early introduction of juices into baby food, fruit and vegetable purees on the metabolism of calcium and magnesium in children of the first year of life, proposed significantly earlier dates for the introduction of complementary foods: juices - from 1 month, egg yolk - from 3-4 months months, cottage cheese - from 4 months, which remained in subsequent years in the recommendations of a number of other researchers (Fateeva E.M. et al. (1982) - fruit juices from 1 month, Studenikin M.Ya., Ladodo K .S. (1981) – fruit juices from 3–4 weeks). In connection with these contradictions, an analysis of the world literature devoted to this problem and our own research aimed at clarifying the optimal timing of introducing complementary foods were carried out. The data obtained made it possible to revise a number of recommendations for the introduction of complementary feeding that were previously in force in our country. The revision primarily affected the timing of the introduction of juices and their range. It has been shown that in breast-fed infants, fruit juices should not be introduced into the infant diet before the fourth month of life (i.e., from 4 months). The earlier introduction of juices is inappropriate, since it does not make any significant contribution to meeting the needs of children for vitamins and minerals, but at the same time often leads to allergic reactions and gastroenteric disorders. As for the range of juices, it was concluded that apple juice, which is characterized by low sensitizing activity, can be recommended first in children’s nutrition. Then pear, plum, apricot, peach juices can be prescribed, and at the next stage - blackcurrant, cherry, etc. Changes also affected the timing of the introduction of cottage cheese and egg yolk. In contrast to previous recommendations for the early introduction of these products (from 2–3 months), we believe that the early introduction of cottage cheese as an additional source of protein is inappropriate, since breast-fed children receive the required amount of protein with breast milk. Cottage cheese should be introduced into baby food from 6–7 months. As for egg yolk, its early introduction often leads to allergic reactions in children due to the high sensitizing activity of this product, so it is advisable to introduce the yolk into baby food from 7 months. life. Although our recommended period for introducing meat puree into the baby's diet has remained unchanged - from 8 months, this issue should be considered controversial. Indeed, on the one hand, meat is the main source of highly digestible heme iron. At the same time, iron deficiency anemia is significantly common in children in the second half of life in Russia, and earlier introduction of meat may apparently serve as a factor in its prevention. On the other hand, digesting meat requires significant stress on the child's immature digestive glands, as well as the metabolic systems of the liver and kidneys. Assessing the possible adverse effects of this protein load on a child's health depending on the child's maturity (and therefore age) requires further research. At the same time, we believe that a relatively new class of complementary feeding dishes for Russia – canned meat-and-vegetable purees – can be introduced into children’s diets a little earlier, from 6 rather than 7 months, since the meat content in them is low (10–20% of the total pore mass) and the functional load on the gastrointestinal tract will be significantly less than when using pure meat puree. The considered data on changes in the timing of the introduction of a number of complementary foods are reflected in the “Methodological recommendations for feeding children of the first year of life”, approved by the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation in 1999. However, recently a discussion has developed in Russia regarding the most optimal timing of the introduction of complementary foods. This debate is prompted by the recently adopted WHO resolution, which recommends exclusive breastfeeding, i.e. feeding a child only with human milk without supplementation or introducing any products into the baby's diet until the age of 6 months. life. This recommendation is of particular importance for developing countries, where continued breastfeeding plays an important role in the prevention of intestinal infections. However, it does not take into account the individual characteristics of children (features of their physical development, state of health, appetite, etc.) and does not take into account the interests of a large number of children who are bottle-fed. Therefore, the timing of the introduction of complementary foods should be strictly individual, and the issue of introducing complementary foods must be decided by the doctor observing the child, together with his parents. The question remains - what to choose from the whole variety of products from both foreign and Russian companies, cook it yourself or buy ready-made dishes? Homemade products may contain: toxic elements (mercury, arsenic, cadmium, lead, etc.), antibiotics, pesticides, nitrites, nitrates, fungal toxins, radionuclides, hormones, pathogenic and opportunistic microorganisms. You will never be able to check the quality of the raw materials you buy, their freshness. When purchasing meat, no one can be sure that it has not been defrosted several times. Industrially produced products are prepared from environmentally friendly raw materials, they have a stable, guaranteed composition, meet strict microbiological and hygienic requirements for baby food, are enriched with vitamins and microelements, have an optimal degree of grinding and a long shelf life. One of the industrially produced complementary feeding products that is currently widely represented on the Russian market is the FrutoNyanya products (Progress OJSC). Among the FrutoNyanya products you can find everything that a child of the first year of life needs: juices, cereals, fruit purees, fruit purees with cottage cheese and cream, vegetable purees, meat purees, meat purees with offal, as well as baby drinking water. At the same time, practical pediatricians can select nutrition for a healthy child and for a child with certain nutritional problems, for example, those suffering from food allergies. Among juices and fruit purees there are both mono- and multi-component products; Quite a large selection of sugar-free products. Vegetable and meat purees are represented by a wide range of monocomponent purees. Relatively recently, the range of FrutoNyanya products was replenished with meat purees and offal. FrutoNyanya porridges include a large selection of dairy-free and dairy-free, gluten-free and gluten-containing porridges. At the same time, the product range of the FrutoNyanya baby food company includes various types of porridges for feeding children: dry and ready-made porridges, liquid porridges. In accordance with modern medical trends and ideas about healthy nutrition, FrutoNyanya is improving its technology for the production of baby food products. New product groups are emerging, enriched with various nutrients that are important for the child’s health: vitamins, minerals, prebiotics, etc. In particular, this applies to FrutoNyanya liquid porridge, which recently appeared on the market. These porridges are a mixture of milk and cereals, have a liquid consistency, and are ready to eat. The TetraPak packaging in which these porridges are bottled makes it convenient to use this product. They can be given to the child to drink directly from the package itself through a straw or from a bottle or cup. Due to the characteristics of the composition, i.e. the predominance of the dairy part, these products can replace part of the dairy products in a child’s diet. Due to the presence of a grain component, using this porridge as the last feeding at night will have a good satiating effect and improve the child's sleep. They are approved for use starting from 6 months. Currently, the range of these products is represented by several types: “Rice milk”, “Buckwheat milk with apples”, “Wheat milk”, “Multi-grain milk”. A distinctive feature of porridge is the presence of prebiotics in their composition. The effect of prebiotics is aimed at stimulating the growth of its own beneficial intestinal microflora and suppressing the growth of pathogenic flora, which leads to an improvement in the state of health of the child. In 2004, special food products for pregnant and breastfeeding women appeared in the assortment of Frutonian products - Frutonian juices for two - “Prevention of anemia” and “To improve lactation”. Juices "Prevention of anemia" are additionally enriched with an easily digestible lactate of iron, and "to improve lactation" - calcium lactate.

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