Children's diet after one year. What to feed a child after one year?

The development of a child directly depends on proper nutrition. Feeding after one year should take place strictly according to the schedule and taking into account the products that are allowed for the baby at this age. At the age of one and a half years, a child is gradually weaned off night snacks and transferred from formula or breastfeeding to regular foods. It is necessary not only to expand the diet and introduce new ingredients, but also to monitor and feed the child in portions that must be gradually increased. The following instructions will cover the range of children from one and a half to three years old.

A little about development

By this time, 8 teeth may already have grown. Don't worry if there are fewer of them, as everything is individual.

The stomach begins to work more actively. The activity of its enzymes has not reached full maturity, and the capacity reaches 200–300 ml. Food takes 4 hours to digest - this is an excellent opportunity to feed after 4-5 hours.

By twelve months, children are trying to stand on their feet, increasing the load on still fragile bones, so the need for calcium increases. Therefore, the diet needs to be enriched with foods: cottage cheese, cheese and eggs. This will ensure normal growth of the child at 1 - 1.6 years.

Required products and their quantity

When considering the question of what to feed a child at the age of 12 months, you need to remember:

1. The basis of the diet should be the products that were used at the beginning of complementary feeding. Most often these are cereals, fish, vegetables, meat, fruits, dairy and fermented milk products. The main difference is that after a year, the listed components must be combined and used to create a menu for the day.
2. Portions increase as the child grows older. The volume changes according to the following dependence: per 1 kg of body weight, about 16-18 g of carbohydrates and 4 g of protein and fat are required.
3. The consistency of food changes gradually, on the recommendation of dentists; after the appearance of the 4th pair of teeth, puree is removed from the menu and foods are given in slightly crushed form. If parents are afraid that the child will choke, a nibbler can be used to consume fruits and cookies, and the soup can be crushed with a potato masher, but there is no need to be zealous.
4. The menu of a one-year-old child for every day must be compiled correctly; at this time it is useful to introduce lean varieties of meat into the diet. Stewed rabbit, tender veal or chicken are ideal (if you are not allergic to poultry meat).
5. If breastfeeding is possible, there is no need to stop it; the baby is put to the breast, but the number and duration of feedings are gradually reduced. Fermented milk products are also included. Kefir, cottage cheese, fermented baked milk, preferably not industrially produced, but homemade.
6. The menu may include boiled, baked and stewed dishes containing a minimum amount of sugar, salt and no spices.

Caring parents should know what to feed a child at the age of 12 months. When compiling a diet, you need to take into account the basic rule: soups should be consumed daily to form a healthy eating habit. Constant consumption of first courses is the key to normal digestion and the absence of problems in the intestines and bowel movements.

Attention! How many times a day should you feed a one-year-old baby? The optimal number of approaches is 5 times, all kinds of snacks are excluded, otherwise the child will constantly eat at the wrong time. Such deviations provoke problems in the production of enzymes and contribute to the development of pancreatitis and other equally dangerous conditions.

Vegetables

At this point, children are familiar with basic vegetables because they are introduced into the diet starting at 4 months of age in the form of purees. After the appearance of the fourth pair of milk teeth, soft vegetables can be given whole, and large ones through a nibbler or grated.

The menu may include:

• potato;
• carrot;
• zucchini;
• onion;
• pumpkin;
• beet;
• beans and other legumes (if there is no intestinal discomfort);
• cucumbers;
• tomatoes;
• bell pepper

Parents often think that eggplants, like zucchini, can be included in the baby’s menu during infancy, but this is not entirely true. The vegetable contains solanine, which is dangerous. It is better to introduce them carefully, adding them to combined vegetable dishes in small quantities. The total volume of vegetables consumed per day is no more than 300 g, while potatoes are no more than 40% of the total mass, the limitation is due to the high starch content.

Berries and fruits

List of allowed fruits included in a child’s diet at 1 year of age:

• pears;
• apples;
• plum;
• apricot and peach;
• cherries and sweet cherries;
• raspberries;
• currants of any variety;
• strawberry;
• cranberry.

It is recommended to give these berries in the form of puree. Experts do not recommend grapes due to the risk of flatulence, as well as citrus fruits due to the likelihood of allergic reactions. Since the child is still small, pediatricians do not recommend taking risks by offering the baby pineapples, mangoes, avocados and other exotic fruits. It is better to choose products that grow in the natural conditions of the region where you live. The exception to the rule is bananas, their safety has been confirmed. The daily intake of fruits and berries is 100-200 g.

Dairy

Children who are not obese can be given foods without limiting their fat content. The need to comply with this condition disappears after the child reaches the age of 1 year. In the presence of fats, calcium, which is necessary for a growing body, is better absorbed.

Helpful:

• yogurt;
• sour cream and cream (added to first courses and side dishes);
• kefir;
• fermented baked milk;
• cottage cheese.

The total volume of fermented milk products is 200-300 ml daily. High quality hard cheese is allowed, smoked and processed products are prohibited.

Porridge, bread, pasta

After the child reaches the age of 1 year, in addition to gluten-free cereals, the menu includes: wheat, oatmeal, semolina and barley cereals. Multigrain porridges are useful. Now mom doesn’t have to grind the grains in a coffee grinder; such dishes are prepared the same way as for adult family members, according to the classic recipe. Daily volume – 150 g.

Attention! In addition to the prescribed 40 g of wheat bread, the child is offered no more than 10 g of rye bread per day.

You can include durum wheat pasta into your diet as a side dish; egg noodles and thin noodles are also healthy. Dense foods in the shape of cones, shells, bows and spirals are not recommended due to the risk of insufficient digestion. The general consumption rate of this product is no more than 100 g.

Fish

Fish and dishes based on it are present on the menu of a one-year-old baby no more than 2 times a week. One serving is about 100 g. It is better to cook steam cutlets from low-fat varieties, ideally:

• zander;
• hake;
• pollock;
• notothenia.

You should not use fish products for preparing first courses.

Meat

Preferred meats:

• veal;
• turkey;
• pork tenderloin;
• chicken;
• beef;
• rabbit meat.

Meatballs, steamed cutlets and other soft dishes are prepared based on the minced meat of the listed varieties. Meat is given at lunchtime, every day, excluding days of fish consumption. Serving volume – 100-120 g. By-products are introduced carefully.

Attention! There is no point in considering store-bought sausages or small sausages as an adequate substitute for meat. It is unlikely that you will be able to benefit from these products.

Eggs

A healthy child, after reaching the age of 1 year, can be given hard-boiled chicken and quail eggs, while the consumption rate is no more than 1 piece. per day (2 quail permissible). Based on the products, you can prepare a steam omelet; consumption in raw form and use for preparing fried eggs and poached eggs are excluded. During the first tasting, you need to carefully monitor the symptoms; signs of a protein allergy may appear.

Oils

Products of animal and plant origin must be present. Butter must not be subjected to heat treatment; exposure to heat leads to the destruction of valuable vitamins and microelements in its composition. The daily intake of animal oil is 15 g, vegetable oil - no more than 10 g. Preference is given to virgin olive and sunflower oil, the product must be refined.

Greenery

By adding greens, mom can not only improve the taste of soup and other dishes, but also improve its appearance.

Attention! It has been proven that the green color present in the composition of the dish increases appetite and helps to make the little “not hungry” eat a satisfying meal.

The list of permitted greens includes:

• parsley;
• dill;
• green onions (carefully and little by little);
• celery.

The greens are finely chopped and sprinkled over the finished first course, meat or fish.

Sweets

The baby’s menu can only contain healthy sweets, preferably home-made:

• marmalade;
• paste;
• marshmallows

Other foods, including chocolate, should be excluded and not given even after meals. Consumption of cocoa-containing products often leads to mental disorders and sleep disturbances due to instability of the central nervous system in a child. It is better to limit the amount of sugar consumed when added to tea or compote, because abuse leads to the leaching of beneficial magnesium and calcium.

Prohibited Products

A radical ban is imposed on the consumption of the following products:

• soda and mineral water containing gas;
• canned food;
• mushrooms;
• smoked dishes;
• marinades and pickles.

The listed elements strike the children's pancreas.

How to feed

When teeth appear, it is sometimes necessary to give pieces of food up to three centimeters to develop chewing. The child begins to understand the taste of the product, habits are formed. For optimal absorption, a conditioned food reflex is triggered: you need to learn to take food on time and gradually introduce new foods.

The diet of a small child at 12 months should be varied and balanced in terms of essential nutrients.

Protein-rich foods should enrich the food, then the baby will grow and develop according to age standards.

Types of feeding:

• Natural feeding: the child eats exclusively high-calorie mother's milk (let's say complementary feeding is up to ⅕ of the total food volume);
• Artificial feeding: infant formula is an alternative to breast milk;
• Mixed feeding: a combination of breast milk (at least ⅕ of the total volume) with supplementary feeding with formula.

Breastfeeding is much more than breast milk. This is a psycho-emotional contact between mother and child, which can only be achieved through breastfeeding. The chain breast pump - bottle - baby is permissible only in emergency cases, when the mother must leave for some reason and there is no way to take the child with her, or there are strict medical contraindications. The best breast pump is the baby, the best bottle is the mother's breast.

Dairy

Milk plays a huge role. It forms the immune system and improves digestion.

It is very important to feed cottage cheese and cheese - these are valuable sources of calcium, which is needed for the bones and teeth of the baby. If intolerance to cow's milk proteins is detected, it can be replaced with ready-made dry mixtures.

It is necessary to introduce dairy products very carefully and take into account shelf life. It is better to give preference to ready-made baby food.

Kefir and yogurt will balance digestion. The microorganisms included in their composition improve intestinal microflora and help prevent constipation. It is recommended to feed low-fat cottage cheese before bedtime, it will calm the digestive system.

All components of milk are in the ratio necessary for the body, which has an excellent effect on health.

Feeding children in the first year of life. Natural, artificial and mixed feeding. Modes and rules

District pediatrician, hospital №4 Kirasirova Guzel Fyattyakhovna

Proper feeding of young children is not only the harmonious development and growth of the baby, but also laying the foundation for his health and resistance to infectious diseases and adverse environmental factors.

Parents should pay the greatest attention to the nutrition of children in the first year of life. This is due to the characteristics of their body. (lack of nutrient reserves, unformed metabolic processes and an undeveloped defense mechanism), which complicates the process of assimilation of useful substances coming from food.

Let's look at the 3 main types of feeding

1. 1.Natural feeding

— Natural (breast) feeding is a form of nutrition for a newborn child and is the only physiologically adequate nutrition for a newborn and infant. Feeding a baby with breast milk is called natural. Human milk is a unique and most balanced food product for a child of the first year of life

— The composition of each mother’s breast milk exactly corresponds to the needs of her baby for various substances: proteins, fats, carbohydrates, vitamins and minerals.

— Mother's milk contains special substances - enzymes that promote the digestion and absorption of proteins, fats and carbohydrates

-Mother’s milk contains immunoglobulins and immune cells that protect the child from most infectious diseases: intestinal infections, infectious hepatitis, diphtheria, tetanus and others.

Benefits of human milk:

-Women's milk is completely devoid of antigenic properties, while cow's milk proteins have pronounced antigenic activity, which contributes to the appearance and intensification of allergic reactions in infants.

-The total amount of protein in breast milk is significantly less than in cow's milk; its structure is similar to the proteins of the baby's cells. It is dominated by finely dispersed fractions, the particles of coarse casein protein are several times smaller than in cow's milk, which ensures that breast milk curdles in the stomach into more delicate flakes and thereby more completely digests it.

-Women's milk contains such a unique substance as taurine, a sulfur-containing amino acid that has neuro-active properties. With artificial feeding, protein overloads inevitably occur, since cow's milk contains 3 times more amino acids. These overloads are accompanied by intoxication and kidney damage due to metabolic disorders.

-Women's milk, especially colostrum, released in the first 3-4 days, is very rich in immunoglobulins. Leukocytes in breast milk synthesize interferon: it contains a large number of macrophages and lymphocytes. The level of lysozyme is 300 times higher than in cow's milk. It contains the antibiotic lactofelicin. Thanks to this, natural feeding ensures the development of immuno-biological protection of the infant, and therefore the morbidity and mortality of breastfed children is significantly lower than with artificial feeding.

-The amount of fat in human and cow's milk is almost the same, but there is a significant difference in their composition: breast milk contains several times more unsaturated fatty acids. The breakdown of fat in infants begins in the stomach under the influence of breast milk lipase; it stimulates the appearance of active acidity in the stomach, promotes the regulation of the evacuation function of the stomach and the earlier release of pancreatic juice. All this facilitates the digestion and assimilation of fat, the individual components of which are included in the cells of all tissues and biologically active substances, providing an increased need for fats for a child of the first year of life.

-Carbohydrates in breast milk are contained in relatively large quantities. They largely determine the microbial flora of the intestine.

-Human milk is exceptionally rich in various enzymes: amylase, trypsin, lipase. This compensates for the child’s temporary low fermentative activity and ensures the absorption of a fairly large volume of food.

-The mineral composition of food and the content of bioelements in it are important for a growing organism. The concentration of calcium and phosphorus in breast milk is lower, but their absorption is 2 times better than from cow's milk. Therefore, with natural feeding, children suffer from rickets much easier and less often. The content of bioelements (sodium, magnesium, chlorine, iron, copper, zinc, cobalt, sulfur, etc.) in breast milk is optimal and meets the baby’s needs. Breast milk contains 4 times less sodium than cow's milk. Excessive sodium loads can cause vegetative-vascular dystonia with fluctuations in blood pressure during puberty, as well as more severe crises in adult hypertension.

— Breast milk differs from cow’s milk in its higher content and higher activity of vitamins, in particular vitamin D, which also helps prevent rickets.

— With natural feeding, a lifelong relationship with the mother is established, her subsequent influence on the child’s behavior, and future parental behavior is also formed.

Regime and technique of natural feeding

An important role in the formation of lactation in a woman who has given birth is played by the time of the first attachment of the baby to the breast, which is currently recommended to be carried out immediately after birth, directly in the delivery room in the first 30-60 minutes after birth, taking into account the condition of the newborn and the woman in labor.

Early breastfeeding has a positive effect on the condition of both mother and child, accelerates the onset of milk production, and increases its production. It is important to emphasize that the first portions of mother's milk (colostrum) contain significant amounts of immunoglobulins and other protective factors, and therefore their entry into the child's body increases the baby's resistance to infections and other adverse external factors that he encounters immediately after birth.

Another key factor in ensuring full lactation is the regime of free feeding of the newborn, in which children themselves set the intervals between feedings, which can be achieved when mother and child stay together in the same room.

Currently, it should be recognized that “free” feeding (“at the child’s request”) is significantly more effective, which means putting the baby to the breast as many times and at the time as the child requires, including at night.

The frequency of feeding depends on the activity of the newborn's reflex and body weight at birth. A newborn baby may “demand” from 8-10 to 12 or more breastfeedings per day. The duration of feeding can be 20 minutes or more.

By the end of the first month of life, the frequency of feedings usually decreases (up to 7-8 times), and the duration of feeding decreases. Night feedings are not excluded when freely feeding newborns: the child must refuse night feedings himself. Free breastfeeding contributes to the development of optimal lactation and the establishment of close psycho-emotional contact between mother and child, which is very important for the proper emotional and neuropsychic development of the baby.

Proper breastfeeding technique is important. In the first days after birth, you can feed babies at one feeding using one breast. After the “arrival” of milk, you can feed the baby each feeding from both breasts, so that feeding ends from the breast from which feeding began. Feeding should be done in a position that is comfortable for the mother, in a calm environment. The most comfortable position is sitting, so that the child is in an upright position (preventing air from entering the baby’s stomach). At night and if it is impossible to feed the baby while sitting, you can feed lying on your side. It is desirable that when feeding the baby has the opportunity to have as close contact with the mother as possible (skin-to-skin, eye-to-eye contact). With such close contact, not only the child’s attachment to the mother is formed, but also additional hormonal stimulation of lactation, which is especially important both during its formation in the first days and weeks after birth, and during a temporary decrease in lactation due to the so-called lactation crises.

1. 2.Mixed feeding.

Mixed feeding is a system of feeding a child in which supplementary feeding with formula is carried out on a par with breastfeeding without a clear regimen (on demand), while the volume of the formula occupies no more than half of the total volume of nutrition.

Mixed feeding is recommended for the following conditions:

-insufficient weight gain

-prematurity

- mother’s illness, her taking medications that are incompatible with breastfeeding

-life situation when mother needs to work or study

The diet for mixed feeding is individual and largely depends on what part of the baby’s nutrition is received with breast milk and what part with formula. The main rule of mixed feeding is to offer the baby formula only after breastfeeding. However, supplementary feeding is not a separate feeding. In this case, it is assumed that the mother has enough milk and supplementary feeding is introduced only in small quantities. Each feeding of the baby then begins with attachment to the breast, which stimulates increased lactation. If you first give your baby formula, he may well refuse to breastfeed because he is full or because it is much more difficult than drinking from a bottle.

The diet corresponds to the regimen for breastfeeding, that is, the baby is given breasts on demand. If, after breastfeeding, the mother sees that the baby is not full, then she feeds him with formula. The option of mandatory breastfeeding, and then, if necessary, supplementary feeding with formula is the closest option to breastfeeding, mixed feeding. But, unfortunately, it is not always possible. If there is not enough breast milk for the whole day, you have to alternate between breastfeeding and bottle feeding. The mother's milk flow is greatest in the morning, and by the evening, with a strong decrease in lactation, there is practically no milk left. In this case, one feeding completely or 2-3 feedings are partially replaced with mixture. The diet should be relatively fixed: it is not recommended to give the mixture to the baby more often than 2 hours after the previous feeding. Most often, feeding is replaced before bedtime, then the child is full and sleeps soundly and peacefully.

If the mother is forced to work or study, then during her absence the baby is fed formula, and during the remaining feedings he receives breast milk.

Mixed feeding rules

1. Supplementary feeding (artificial formula) should be given only after the baby is attached to both breasts and after they have been emptied, even with a minimal amount of milk. This is done because at the beginning of feeding the baby's appetite is most pronounced and he actively sucks the breast. If you first give an artificial formula, then, firstly, you do not know how much to give it, and secondly, after satisfying the child’s appetite, he will not want to breastfeed, since this is much more difficult than eating from a bottle. In the case of social and living conditions, when the mother is forced to be absent for some time or in the treatment of certain diseases of the mother, you can resort to the following feeding: the child receives an artificial formula 2-3 times during the day, and breast milk during the remaining feedings
2. It is better to give supplementary feeding from a spoon (if its volume is not very large), since the easier supply of formula from a bottle can cause the child to refuse the breast. With a large volume of supplementary feeding, as a rule, a bottle is used. The bottle should have a fairly elastic nipple with small holes so that the child makes an effort while sucking.
3. Diet. The most optimal is a free feeding regimen. But you can also feed your baby according to a schedule, in which case the frequency of feeding can be reduced by one feeding compared to natural feeding
4. The mixture, bottles, and nipples must be sterile. The temperature of the finished mixture is 37-38 degrees
5. Complementary feeding during mixed feeding is introduced 2-3 weeks earlier than during natural feeding. To calculate the child’s needs for food ingredients, they take into account the child’s age, what type of feeding the food is close to (artificial/natural), and the type of formula used (adapted/non-adapted)

There are 2 methods of administration before

stern:

The classic method is that the baby is put to the breast at each feeding and then supplemented with formula to the required volume.

Alternation method - the baby is put to the breast through feeding and completely covers the required amount of food with breast milk; and through feeding the required amount of milk is covered with artificial formula.

1. 3.Artificial feeding

Artificial feeding is a type of feeding in which the baby in the first year of his life does not receive mother's milk and eats only artificial formula.

Artificial feeding can be used if the mother has no milk at all, or the child for some reason cannot or does not want to drink mother's milk.

Rules for artificial feeding

1. Artificial feeding involves a systematic calculation of the energy value of food, the content of proteins, fats and carbohydrates with each change due to the fact that with artificial feeding, both underfeeding and overfeeding of the child are possible. An indicator of the suitability of the mixture is the data of the normal development of the child.
2. The volume of food per day during artificial feeding should correspond to the volume of natural feeding
3. It is recommended to carry out artificial feeding with adapted milk formulas, which in their composition are as close as possible to human milk. Unadapted milk formulas are currently practically not used in children's nutrition.
4. The mixtures are always given only freshly prepared and heated to a temperature of 35-40 degrees. The hole in the nipple should not be too large; milk should flow through it from the overturned bottle in drops. It is strictly forbidden to prepare mixtures for long periods of time.
5. When feeding, the bottle is held at an angle so that its neck is always filled with the mixture to prevent the baby from swallowing air.

The most common mistakes when artificial feeding are:

- too frequent changes in food;

- replacing one mixture with another should be done in case of allergic reactions, prolonged cessation of weight gain, or the child’s refusal to use this mixture. Even an infant has the right to have his own tastes and does not always agree with what is offered to him;

- restricting the diet and transferring the child to a new formula at the slightest deterioration in stool;

-prescribing fermented milk mixtures in large quantities, especially in the first 7 days of life (metabolic disorders are noted).

When feeding a baby with formula milk, it is recommended to follow the following rules:

1. Prepare it immediately before feeding and in pre-sterilized containers
2. When diluting the mixture, follow the instructions included with the package.
3. Dilute the mixture with water intended specifically for baby food.
4. Before giving the mixture to your baby, be sure to check its temperature - it should correspond to body temperature.
5. Make sure that during feeding the baby does not swallow air: he should tightly wrap his lips around the nipple, and it should be filled with mixture
6. Do not give your baby formula left over from a previous feeding.
7. After feeding, thoroughly wash and sterilize all baby utensils.

Eggs

This is a valuable product that contains fats of animal origin, which play a role in building the tissues of the child’s body. The yolk contains valuable fat-soluble vitamins that support growth and optimize the functioning of internal systems. Minerals help keep skin healthy.

You can feed your baby chicken eggs in the amount of 1-2 pieces 4 times a week, and quail eggs one per day.

Egg is a dietary product. The first time you should give a pea-sized yolk in the morning, and in the evening watch for possible negative reactions. Protein is fed to older children.

Quail eggs are more valuable in nutritional properties than chicken eggs, but there is no fundamental difference in benefits.

How much formula should a newborn eat?

Just as with natural feeding, the baby needs to eat at least ten times a day, and the volume of artificial formula consumed should be the same as breast milk. If the baby does not want to eat often, then the portion of the mixture can be slightly increased. You should not overfeed your baby, even if he has a good appetite. The table shows the recommended daily servings of artificial formula:

Meat

Without a certain norm, the nutrition of a small child at 1 year old will be inadequate: he will not be able to grow and develop properly. Meat is an irreplaceable source of protein and amino acids that are not synthesized by the body. It improves hematopoietic function due to the content of easily digestible iron and prevents the development of anemia.

It is advisable to diversify the menu with lean beef, pork, turkey, and chicken. Rabbit meat is ideal.

Every day it is necessary to feed with meat in the amount of 100 grams. It is advisable to eat food in the first half of the day because it takes a long time to digest. You can feed liver. It is recommended to avoid sausages. Canned meat for children is also suitable for daily consumption.

Benefits of liquid

Water is an important component of many body processes. Without it, good metabolism is impossible. Dehydration is the cause of diseases, especially in children.

In hot weather, profuse sweating occurs, so the body loses a huge amount of fluid. To avoid this, it is recommended to give your child water frequently. While the baby cannot yet communicate the desire to drink, you need to offer it yourself periodically. You should not drink while eating, as liquid will dilute the gastric juice and the absorption of nutrients will become worse.

It is recommended to drink water heated to body temperature, since cold liquid causes sore throat and laryngitis. Drinks can be varied with ready-made baby juices. Compote is also useful for a growing body. It contains essential vitamins and minerals. The drink perfectly quenches thirst, however, it is advisable to reduce the amount of sugar in the compote or eliminate it altogether: due to the high content of vitamin C, it can irritate the gastric mucosa.

Compote will not replace fresh water, so the baby must be given water when the need arises.

Guarding the stomach

Don't serve the same food throughout the day. It's better to hold off on the pasta. Their nutritional value is minimal, and the load on the stomach is enormous. If you decide to start complementary feeding with such products, then it must be made from durum wheat.

It is allowed to add white bread to the menu, gradually introducing rye and black bread.

By following the child's diet at 1 year old, digestive juice is released at the time of eating. This affects better digestibility and promotes appetite. It is advisable to have breakfast from 8-9 am. Snacking should be avoided.

Nutritional standards for a one-year-old baby

Some pediatricians believe that after a year you can stop breastfeeding. The process must be completed gradually, replacing one meal with regular food. You need to pay special attention to the nutrition of children after one year and know how to properly distribute healthy food for every day. Let's look at nutritional standards and some features:

1. Children grow and their activity increases. This results in additional energy costs.
2. A growing body requires more beneficial microelements.
3. Monitoring of the feeding process is required because some children suffer from lack of appetite, while others overeat. This quickly develops into being underweight or overweight, which also becomes a problem.

Pediatricians allow small snacks between main meals, but they should only be made from light foods: fruits, vegetables or dairy products. Let's look at the main changes in the menu for a child 1-3 years old:

1. 5-6 meals a day.
2. The diet should include cereals, fruits, vegetables, dairy products, fish and meat.
3. Diversity.
4. Do not completely wean or stop giving formula.
5. The portion grows with the child.
6. Meat should be lean varieties.
7. Mandatory condition: soups at least once a day. The broth should not be strong.
8. It is still difficult for the baby to eat on his own, but it is worth handing him the device so that he gets used to holding it.
9. Minimize salt and sugar during cooking.

On a note! Many mothers are happy that children from 1 year old eat well, but without activity, most foods will not be beneficial.

Distribution of food for the day

They feed the baby almost everything except egg whites, sweets, smoked and spicy foods. Various foods have optimal intake times, making it easier for the body to digest food and absorb the maximum amount of nutrients.

Hearty food is well digested in the first half of the day. The optimal time for meat and fish is lunch. Dairy products are always well digested.

It is imperative to balance your diet with essential nutrients. If you feed similar foods, you should reduce the proportion of each. Proteins, fats, carbohydrates are needed daily.

Diet menu

The frequency of feeding a child for a year and 2 months is 6 times a day. Breast milk is left in the morning, and animal dairy products are available during the day and evening.

Let's take a closer look at eating habits.

Breakfast

The first breakfast occurs at a time when the child is accustomed to waking up. First, it consists of breastfeeding, then a transition is made to mixtures and porridges prepared with cow's or goat's milk. If your child is lactose intolerant, you can use powdered baby milk.

For morning porridges, rice, buckwheat, corn, millet, oatmeal and semolina are used. Rice causes allergies the least, semolina the most.

For 200 ml of milk or water, take 2 tablespoons of cereal. For taste and decoration, berries and fruits are cut or ground.

A couple of times a week, the child should eat an omelet: 1 chicken or 2 quail eggs, a little milk and greens. Dill will also be beneficial for digestion.

Serve dried fruit compote or weak tea for breakfast. You can only have plain white bread, preferably yesterday's bread, so that it does not cause gas formation. Because of this, loaf, rye or grain bread will not work.

Lunch

Between breakfast and lunch it is useful to give fruit, berry yogurt or puree. This product improves digestion, provoking the secretion of gastric juice, and also increases appetite.

A baked green or yellow apple works well. You can also add cookies, low-fat and unpalatable.

If the second feeding takes place during a walk, you can take a snack with you. It is convenient to buy fruit and berry purees in tubes for such occasions.

Dinner

For lunch you can serve both the first and second courses, or you can get by with just soup. This soup should be hearty, vegetable with meat. Any vegetables, meat and fish can be used. The main thing is that there is no allergy to vegetables, the meat is young and lean, and the fish is not greasy and fresh.

The first meat broth is drained, then diced meat, potatoes, carrots, etc. are added to it. The soup is cooked until tender, a spoonful of high-quality vegetable oil (sunflower or olive) and herbs are added.

The main course is served with a piece of boiled or steamed meat, liver, fish or chicken. As a side dish, porridges are prepared without milk; vegetable puree is suitable.

Food recipes should contain a minimum amount of salt; anything fried, spicy or fatty is contraindicated.

Afternoon snack

At the afternoon snack, mother's milk also begins to be replaced with milk porridge, cottage cheese with fruit, cheesecakes or cottage cheese casseroles.

You can give your baby cow's milk with cookies. To begin with, milk should be diluted with water so that the body gets used to animal fats and proteins and there is no rejection.

Dinner for a 1 year old child

Dinner should not be too late, immediately after returning from an evening walk. Most often, the same thing is given for dinner as for the main course at lunch. This is a meat dish with a vegetable side dish or porridge.

Pieces of meat or fish can be replaced with meatballs or steamed cutlets. Be sure to add vegetable oil to your food. It helps the intestines work, relieving constipation.

Second dinner

For the second evening feeding, you need to give breast or formula if he has already switched to artificial feeding. Before bedtime, it is important to provide familiar foods to help your child sleep better. If he often wakes up, then you can give him a little diluted milk or water, weaning him off heavy night snacks.



We choose food wisely

We start with a protein- and carbohydrate-rich breakfast: omelet, porridge, soup, eggs, cottage cheese.

For dessert, give fruit puree and fruit juice. The production of digestive enzymes is stimulated, the stomach will prepare for further food intake.

The baby can eat fish broth, low-fat soup with meat, and vegetable puree for lunch.

For an afternoon snack, you can offer milk, yogurt, pancakes, and cookies.

It is better to have light porridge or vegetables for dinner.

A glass of low-fat kefir before bed.

A one-year-old child needs to consume 1300 kcal per day. The volume of food is 1250 ml per day.

You can't feed:

• fried,
• bold,
• sausages,
• exotic fruits,
• smoked meats,
• sweets,
• products containing dyes, flavors,
• mushrooms.

Nuances

Children who are bottle-fed are transferred to regular food in the same way as their milk-fed peers. The diet of a 1-year-old child does not differ from the food intake of an infant.

It should be taken into account that the child has now become more active, spends more time awake, which means changes in nutrition are necessary. No need to feed at night. To make your baby hungry, it is enough to leave a 4-5 hour interval between meals. This method will help you adapt to kindergarten.

It is strongly recommended to strictly follow the diet of a child aged 1–1.6 years: deviations in time should not be more than 15-20 minutes.

What is important for parents to consider when organizing meals?

A child’s nutrition after 1 year should be strictly balanced. Let's take a look at the additional recommendations of pediatricians to summarize all of the above:

1. If a child overeats, this will affect his development and may cause vomiting. In such situations, there is no need to panic. After vomiting, you need to give the baby a drink of warm water and refrain from eating for a while.
2. The sample menu highlighted above can be varied with your own recipes, depending on the baby’s preferences.
3. Compliance with the schedule and dosage is mandatory. The shift is allowed, but within 15 minutes.
4. The ritual of the meal itself is no less important. Buy bright plates and cutlery, and decorate the dining table with baby napkins.
5. If there are several dishes, do not put everything on the table at once. Most children, seeing their favorite fruits, will immediately refuse to eat soup or porridge.

Cookies and other snacks can easily disrupt the regime, so you should resort to them only if the child, for example, has not eaten well before. Introduce new fruits and vegetables gradually. Strictly prohibited: sweets, citrus fruits. Confectionery products can be replaced with marmalade, honey or homemade jam. The daily dose of sugar should not exceed 40 grams. Remember that we are not just talking about granulated sugar in its pure form.

In order for your baby to grow up healthy, you need to start accustoming him to regular food no later than when he is one and a half years old. Introduce various products in stages and create a schedule and approximate menu for each day. A list of prohibited and permitted products from one to three years of age should always be at hand. It is better for the child to eat homemade, lightly salted food and snack on fruit or dairy products.

We introduce new products correctly

You should start feeding in small portions. It is necessary to observe the body’s reaction, especially for allergy sufferers. It is forbidden to introduce several unfamiliar foods at the same time, otherwise it will be impossible to find out what gave the baby a negative reaction. You should stop feeding the new food if you have a minor allergic response in the form of a rash on the face or body.

Naturally, the baby may refuse some dishes. You cannot force him to eat a full portion: the child needs to get used to the new product. Consider your baby's preferences.

How to tell if your newborn baby is getting enough food

The most reliable indicator of a child’s adequate nutrition is a steadily increasing body weight and length. Every month the baby must be weighed at the clinic. Upon examination, the pediatrician determines whether the baby is malnourished or, conversely, eats too much in a day. The table below gives the normal weight gain for a child from birth to one year.

The table shows the average data; if the baby’s weight deviates slightly from the norm, then there is nothing to worry about. But if body weight differs too much from the table values, then most likely the child is starving or, conversely, overeating. In this case, you should definitely consult a pediatrician.

Healthy breakfast

Porridge is a healthy food for babies. It comes with milk and without milk. It is advisable to avoid feeding your baby one dish all day.

Be sure to teach your baby to eat soup, as it improves digestion processes, meets the requirements for nutrients, and diet food will not overload the body. It is recommended to avoid onions and carrots overcooked in oil. Minimize the amount of salt.

Soup is an abundance of healing vegetables that contain vitamins, minerals, and biologically active components. Fiber is important for optimal digestion and improves intestinal motility. Daily feeding will help avoid disturbances in the gastrointestinal tract. Soup helps restore water balance - this is a wonderful way to improve your well-being!

Recipes for babies after one year

Meatballs

Boil 2 tablespoons of fluffy rice, drain in a colander and cool. Pass 300 grams of beef pulp through a meat grinder along with onions, add 2 tbsp. l. water, boiled rice, salt, stir. Form meatballs from the resulting mass and bread them in flour. Place the meatballs in a single layer in a greased pan, bake in the oven for 10 minutes, then pour in a mixture of sour cream and tomato sauce and simmer for another 15 minutes. When serving, pour over the sauce in which the meatballs were stewed.

Oatmeal porridge with pumpkin

Wash the pumpkin, peel it and remove seeds, cut it into cubes, pour boiling water over it, add a little sugar and simmer in a sealed container for 30 minutes, then add the pre-sorted and washed oatmeal. Add hot milk, add a little salt and simmer covered over low heat for 30-40 minutes. While hot, rub the porridge through a sieve and bring to a boil; add butter to the finished porridge. In the same way, you can prepare porridge from buckwheat and rice groats.

Start your day the way you need it!

The optimal food in the morning is a portion of oatmeal! An excellent boost of energy helps replenish the supply of minerals and vitamins important for the body. The main advantage is ease of preparation - it cooks very quickly. The porridge is enriched with microelements such as phosphorus, potassium, and manganese. Includes fluorine, iodine, zinc, iron.

Starting the morning with oatmeal means making a huge contribution to the health of your growing baby. The benefits of porridge are invaluable. There is a positive effect on bone tissue, the functioning of the brain and nervous system improves, and the digestive tract begins to function optimally.

Oatmeal is simply necessary for stable immune function. Iron, which is part of its composition, occupies an important place in hematopoiesis.

Useful tips

• There is no need to boil milk for more than 3 minutes. When adding the product to porridges and soups, it should be poured hot.
• The meat is cooked in one piece. Grind after cooking.
• The peel needs to be peeled thinner to preserve vitamins.
• The liquid takes up nutrients. It is better to simply rinse peeled vegetables with running water, but do not leave them in it for a long time.

In the process of introducing yourself to a wide variety of foods, you must not harm the growing body. It is advisable that the new diet does not cause the baby to suffer.

To summarize, we can list the principles necessary when feeding:

• It is better to start complementary feeding if the baby is in good health. It is recommended to refrain from it during vaccinations.
• The terms and procedure are set by a specialist. There are established priorities that must be coordinated with the individual development of the baby.
• The new dish is introduced gradually. A negative reaction means stopping complementary feeding for a while.
• To get used to new foods, you can use ready-made food in jars, the composition of which is specially selected for the needs of the toddler.

Diet of a child at 1 year 3 months – 1 year 6 months

Some children at this age can transition to four meals a day. Here is an approximate menu for such kids:

Breakfast

• milk porridge - 200 g,
• cottage cheese - fruit dish - 50 g,
• juice (milk) - 100 ml;

Dinner

• salad - 30 g,
• soup - 50 ml,
• second course: meat (fish) - 50 g, side dish (vegetables or porridge) - 70 g,
• compote or juice - 100 ml,
• bread - 20 g;

Afternoon

• kefir - 150 ml,
• cookies - 15 g,
• fruits - 100 g;

Dinner

• vegetable (curd) dish - 180 g,
• bread - 20 g,
• fruits - 50 g,
• kefir (yogurt, milk) - 100 ml.

In the second year of life, children can begin to be given confectionery products. These can be caramel candies, marmalade, marshmallows, as well as various preserves, marmalades, jams. Do not give your child honey under any circumstances, as it very often causes allergies and infectious diseases in children. And be sure to continue breastfeeding until the child is 2 years old.

Mealtime is a special time, and the family table is a special place for pleasant communication, sweet conversation and feeding. When you feed your baby, tell him about the dish he is eating. Tell him a fairy tale about him or an incredible story, and the baby will eat with double pleasure. Demonstrate with all your appearance how delicious it is. And set an example of table manners. Also teach all family members to behave well during meals.

Despite the fact that the baby is actively interested in adult food, there are foods that are best delayed until at least 3 years of age. Here they are:

• fatty pork and lamb
• goose and duck meat
• strong meat broths
• sausages
• smoked dishes
• glazed cheese curds
• French fries (not recommended for children under 6-7 years old)
• seafood
• chocolate
• mushrooms
• baked goods and cakes
• canned vegetables
• processed cheese
• sweet carbonated drinks
• tea.