Rights of a minor
The presence of registration for children under the age of majority is a mandatory condition in Russia. Its absence may create a number of restrictions on the implementation of the child’s rights for his parents. The procedure for registering a child does not entail any serious consequences for the property owner.
However, legally, this allows migration services to more effectively control the movement and overpopulation of people within Russian territory. Do not forget that after the age of fourteen, the child is recognized as legally competent and has the opportunity to more widely exercise his civil rights.
Where to contact?
Today, you can register a child at your place of residence through the multifunctional center and the State Services information portal.
This allows you to save a significant amount of time and effort. Both services were aimed at relieving the authorities, which deal with such issues on a daily basis and are physically unable to cope with the huge flow of citizens and immigrants. And timely registration allows the child to receive a medical insurance policy and a place in kindergarten or school.
MFC
The MFC (or multifunctional center) works as a “single window”, allowing a citizen to obtain all the necessary information from one employee.
Registration at the place of residence, as a rule, does not take about 10-15 minutes. At the legislative level of the Russian Federation it is stated that children under 18 years of age are required to be registered only at the residence address of their legal representatives. The procedure for registering minors at the MFC is practically no different from registering newborns.
On the MFC website you can find a list of required documentation, as well as find out the addresses of the nearest offices. The only drawback of processing documents through the MFC is the need to pay for the services provided.
Public services
Over the past few years, the information portal “Gosuslug” has become increasingly popular.
Compared to traditional registration methods, the applicant will need much less time to complete the required procedure. You just need to have access to a computer and the Internet. However, before gaining access to the portal’s capabilities, it is necessary to undergo a short registration at the public services center, where the applicant’s identity will be confirmed. This only needs to be done once, after which you can carry out the procedure for registering children for a new place of residence without leaving your home.
Procedure at the passport office or through the MFC
Registration is carried out according to the following scheme:
- the package of documents is handed over to the registration service employees;
- the application is given up to a week to be considered;
- a stamp is placed in the house register;
- The parents are given a Certificate of Registration (previously a stamp was placed on the certificate).
- There is no duty for Russian citizens; foreigners must pay 350 rubles.
This is interesting: Enrolling a child in kindergarten without registration: reality or an impossible task
Registration deadlines
At birth, each child receives a birth certificate, and his mother receives a certificate from the maternity ward.
Legislative bodies have established that children under 18 years of age must be registered at the residence address of their legal representative within 7 calendar days. No more than a month is allotted for completing the application, and the validity of the certificate issued upon discharge from the maternity hospital expires after 30 days. Therefore, you should not delay submitting documents, since if there is no good reason, this may result in a fine. For a minor child, registration is identical to the procedure for an adult, that is, 7 calendar days from the date of moving to a new place.
How long does it take to register a child?
The deadline for registering a child, regardless of who submits the application, is one month from the date of birth of the baby. True, domestic legislation does not provide for any sanctions for violating this rule, so in practice this can be done later, but it is better not to delay.
If a newborn was found or abandoned, then the person who found it must report this to the internal affairs authorities or guardianship and trusteeship authorities at the child’s location within 48 hours.
Procedure
Registering a child at a new place of residence is not as difficult as it might seem at first glance. You just need to take a responsible approach to collecting the required documentation and follow the algorithm of actions when filling out the application:
- If the child is a newborn, you will first need to obtain his birth certificate. You can get it at the registry office within 31 days. Then you can start collecting all the necessary documentation.
- If a minor is not registered for the first time (in case of moving, for example), then first of all it is advisable to sign him out of his previous apartment. Children whose age is more than 14 years old can be discharged at the time of affixing a new stamp to, accordingly, a new address of residence.
- Next, the entire required package of documentation is transferred to the passport office department, MFC or filled out on the State Services information portal. A preliminary deregistration from the previous place of residence significantly speeds up the process of registration in a new place.
- Then all that remains is to wait for the appointed day and come for new documents.
Required documents
Collecting the required documents is perhaps the main reason why legal representatives delay the child registration procedure. However, the devil is not as scary as he is painted. The list of required documents is quite standard and it will not take a large amount to collect. You just need to approach this process responsibly.
Owner's consent
Based on articles from the family and civil code of the Russian Federation, a child, until the age of majority, is required to live and be registered at the address of residence of his legal representative.
Consequently, a minor can be registered without the consent of the property owner. An exception to this clause are the requirements established by the banking organization when a parent receives a mortgage loan. In this case, the child’s registration is negotiated with the credit department. They may require a written undertaking that allows the minor to be released in case the property is foreclosed on to pay off the debt.
Consent of the second parent
A statement confirming that the father or mother has no objections (regarding the registration of the child at a specific address) is necessary only when registering them in different residential areas.
The choice in favor of one place of residence should be based on the interests and compliance with the legal aspects of the minor. Consequently, if his legal representatives cannot reach a compromise on this issue, then the decision will be made by the court after filing a claim to establish the place of registration.
Certificate from maternity hospital birth certificate
A birth certificate is issued to the parent at the Civil Registry Office upon submission of the following documents:
- Identity card of the Russian Federation of one of the child’s representatives.
- Extract from the maternity hospital (indicating the place and date of birth of the child).
- Marriage certificate (if available).
It should be noted that if the mother and father of a minor have not entered into marriage, and the man does not confirm his paternity at the registry office, then the child cannot obtain registration at his residence address. This is due to the fact that legally the child is considered fatherless. If at the time of the birth of the child the man and woman were married, then one of them can receive the certificate.
Identity cards
The passport is the main document that allows you to verify the identity of citizens in Russia.
When registering a child in another property, the legal representative must provide this document. At the time of submitting the application, the passport must be valid and not damaged in any way. Since the identity card will need to be stamped, the citizen’s passport will be confiscated for several days.
Marriage certificate
A marriage certificate is required only when registering minor children at the father's registered address.
If a man and a woman are not registered in the registry office, that is, they live in a civil (unofficial) marriage, and the mother wants to register her child in his father’s living space, then she herself must be registered in this apartment. Otherwise, it is not possible to do this legally. Or the man must confirm his paternity and receive an official stamp in his passport. and thus be included on the birth certificate.
Sample application
The application must be filled out on a form that has a prescribed template. That is, it will not be accepted in free form. You can get it at the passport office or print it from the official website of the Multifunctional Center for the Provision of Public Services. According to the form, the following information will be required:
- the authority to which the application is sent;
- previous place of registration;
- information about the legal guardian;
- information about the citizen providing the place of residence;
- grounds for registration;
- current registration address;
- passport data;
- date and signature.
application form in .doc format (Word) sample of filling out an application for registration of a child (document in .pdf format)
Why is registration required?
Registration of minor children is an extremely important procedure regulated at the legislative level. It is necessary in order to control and evaluate the cost of utility services. In addition, parents have access to the following opportunities for their child:
- attachment to a clinic and the opportunity to receive medical care;
- place in kindergarten;
- receiving child subsidies and benefits;
- registration of a foreign passport;
- enrollment in a comprehensive school.
Features of registration at the mother’s place of residence
In order to register children under the age of majority, the mother will need to obtain and submit to the appropriate government agency the necessary documents specified earlier.
Moreover, the father's consent is not required. The mother of a child who is not yet eighteen has priority in being able to register him at her place of residence.
Without father's consent
As mentioned earlier, children are required to live with their legal representatives.
If the parents have officially registered their marriage, then both have legal rights to the minor. Thus, the mother can prescribe it without requiring agreement from the father. One of the child’s representatives can register him only at his own registration address. The consent of other tenants is not required.
Without the owner's consent
An agreement (written or oral) from the property owner to register children under 18 years of age is not required. All that is required is to register them at the registration address of one of his legal representatives, in other words, parents or official guardians. However, at the time of discharge of the child from the living space, on the contrary, consent from the owner of the property and his personal presence will inevitably be required.
If parents are divorced
Mostly, after the divorce of spouses, minor children remain in the care of the mother.
If she has housing at her disposal, then the registration of children is carried out precisely at her registration address. The same thing happens if the mother is registered in a residential area of which she is not the owner. In any case, the registration of children must coincide with the residential address of their legal representatives.
Single mothers
By and large, there are no distinctive features of the process of registering a single mother from a married woman.
Registration is also carried out in any convenient way; a stamp in the passport is placed at the passport office and documents are collected there. The main thing is not to forget that if registration is carried out by a single mother, then the entire documentation package must be available, as well as her personal presence. Otherwise, acceptance and processing of documents will be rejected.
Features of registration at the father’s place of residence
There are situations when a man and a woman do not live in the same living space, but at the same time have one or more children in common.
In order for the father to obtain permission to register his children under 18 years of age at his residence address, he will need not only to collect the required documentation, but also a documented agreement from the mother. Registration at the father's registered address is not considered possible, provided that the spouses are divorced, and according to the court, the child must remain in the care of the mother.
Features of registration of a newborn
Registration of a newborn baby is much easier than for an already grown child.
This is due to the fact that much less documentation is required. The main distinctive feature of this procedure is that if the mother and father of a newborn live in different residential areas, then it will be necessary to provide written consent from each of them for solidarity on the decision to register the baby at one or another address. Registration, as usual, takes place in the passport office department, which is assigned to the child’s future place of residence.
Features of registering a child born in emergency circumstances
As noted earlier, under standard conditions a child is registered at the place of his birth or registration of his parents (or one of them). But how to register children who were born somewhere on the road, for example, on an airplane, train, ship or other vehicle? In this case, it is allowed to register at the place of residence of one of the parents or at any registry office located along the route of this transport.
If the baby was born on an expedition, at a polar station or other remote area where there are no civil registry offices, state registration is carried out at the place of residence of the parents (or one of them) or in the registry office closest to the place of birth of the child.
Possible difficulties
In order to register children at a new address, you will inevitably need a birth certificate.
If it is not provided in a timely manner, the application for registration will be rejected. In turn, failure to comply with the established deadlines for registering children at the registration address of the parent or legal guardian will entail administrative liability in the form of a fine. The legal representatives of minors may face another problem - their removal from the living space. As practice shows, this can only be achieved through a lawsuit. The difficulties are aggravated if the minor is also one of the owners of a share in an apartment or private house.
Since the consent of the property owner is not required, he can still object to such developments and, for example, sell his property. Thus, he will discharge everyone who is not a member of his family. In other words, all previously registered citizens, including children, will remain without registration.
Thus, from this article you learned about the main features of registering a child at the place of residence of the mother or father, familiarized yourself with the list of necessary documents, the stages of the registration procedure, and also found out what possible difficulties you may encounter.
Registration of a child born by a surrogate mother
In the case where an application for registration is submitted by spouses who have given permission for the implantation of an embryo into another woman, they are required to provide the consent of this woman for their parents to register the newborn. It is issued by an organization providing medical services, along with a document confirming the fact of the birth of the baby.
Find out more about what surrogacy is.
