A baby's first toy, a rattle, has been around since time immemorial. Our ancestors also made clay, birch bark and wooden rattles of various shapes for their babies (they were called trinkets, or rattles). There could be peas, small stones, clay balls inside. Now the materials are different, but the significance of this first children's fun is still great.
Where to start and at what age?
At the age of about one and a half years, when the child begins to show interest in clothes and shoes, the baby can be taught to handle Velcro. His fingers are already strong enough, he will be able to independently open and close Velcro fasteners, for example on shoes.
When returning from a walk, show your child how to untie the ties on his hat. He will do a great job with this too.
By the age of two, it is worth moving on to studying the buttons that can be on shirts and jackets. It is not advisable to teach the skill of unfastening and fastening buttons to children under two years of age. Their wrist joint is not developed enough for such manipulations.
A child over two years old should be introduced to lightning. Here, the main thing is to teach the child to insert the lock into the opening on his own. The child must understand the zipper mechanism and have sufficient finger coordination.
At the same age, the baby can begin to learn to fasten buttons. The baby must understand that if you pull the button out of the loop, the blouse will unbutton, but if you push it through, it will fasten.
A two-year-old child enjoys unlacing his shoes and enjoys the process of pulling out the laces. Therefore, it is worth showing him that the laces can be put back. You can use bright children's lacing, the baby will like them and he will enthusiastically insert the lace into the holes.
It is still difficult for a small child to master tying shoelaces; fingers must be more dexterous and hand movements more coordinated, so this skill should be instilled in a child closer to three years.
First you need to teach your child to tie knots, and then bows. Most often, children master this skill only by the age of five. If the baby learned to do this earlier, well done, if not, don’t scold him, he will definitely learn over time.
Tying a hat is a very inconvenient process; often even six-year-old children turn to adults for help.
Don't forget that three years is the most stubborn age. Therefore, if a child is accustomed to being always dressed by his mother until the age of three, at this age he will flatly refuse to learn anything. Therefore, you should not delay the learning process.
What kind of rattle should it be?
Work plan for the implementation of the mini-museum project of the Rattles group.
The history of the rattle.
In Ancient Egypt, for the first time, toys were found with a simple wire movement mechanism, with the help of which crocodiles could open their mouths. An interesting toy depicting a slave grinding grain. If you pull the figurine by the thread, it begins to move along the inclined board.
Scientists archaeologists found many children's toys in Italy during excavations of Pompeii, which was covered with ash after the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79. Among them were many rattles. Some of them were a small disk on a handle, to which bells were attached. Other hollow figures: ducks, horses or pigs, with pebbles or a ball rolling inside.
The German archaeologist Schliemann, during excavations of the legendary Troy, found rattles, toy dishes and clay dolls. In Ancient Greece and Rome, rattles or rattles were given to newborns. By tapping these rattles, mothers and nurses sang lullabies. A belief has been preserved since those distant times that rattles, with their noise, drive away evil spirits and thereby protect the child.
Sharkunok rattle
Location: Koida, Art and Pedagogical Museum of Toys, Sergiev Posad
Russian toy of the 19th - 20th centuries. A baby rattle from the north of Russia, it was given as a gift for the birth of a child. The toy had a magical meaning - it drove away evil forces from the child. For older children, it was a favorite puzzle: removing the locking stick that closed the system of blocks made it possible to disassemble the toy into its component parts and then assemble it again
The history of the creation of a baby rattle
The first toys appeared in ancient Egypt. A lot of magical energy was invested in such toys. Historians report that toys say a lot about the culture of a country. The first toy that appeared in Ancient Egypt was none other than the familiar Rattle Toy. True, the Rattle Toy was given a different meaning at that time. She was a talisman and protected babies from diseases and evil spirits. With her ringing, she drove away dark forces from the baby and called upon the power of angels for help. The ancient Egyptians believed that if you left a child with a Rattle Toy, nothing would happen to him. And, of course, first the children of wealthy parents - the same pharaohs, for example. And gradually, the toy figurines that were left in the pyramids of the deceased pharaohs, which are directly related to the cult of the Egyptian gods, became ordinary children's toys. The word “Rattle” itself comes from “to rattle in the ear.” Thunder is Perun, the Slavs are Perun’s grandchildren: “Grandfather, give me a toy to rattle by the ear” and thus Perun will protect the child...
The rattle was made of clay, wood, and birch bark. They filled it with peas and small pebbles. Modern rattles, of course, differ significantly from those our ancestors played with. The materials from which the very first ancient toys were made - bone (and other animal tissues), clay, straw - are now out of favor.
The first toy is a rattle
The toy is a rattle. For us adults, this is only the first toy of a newborn baby. And we approach the choice of a rattle from the point of view of safety and beauty. And for the baby this is development, a new subject for study. Rattles stimulate the child’s sensory abilities, train vision and hearing, and the perception of color, shape, and size of objects. Toys in a child’s life are not entertainment, but a means of learning about life; he needs them for proper mental and physical development.
This is one of the most multifunctional toys! So how to choose the right rattle so that your baby likes it and learns it.
After all, the rattle develops the baby's hands. He learns to coordinate his movements. The rattle stimulates hearing, forcing the child to listen to sounds. A baby, looking at a rattle, develops vision, trains eye muscles, and learns to distinguish colors. Playing with a rattle stimulates the development of tactile sensations. The baby feels the toy, presses it to his cheek, and puts it in his mouth. Various fillings in toys are massaged by little boys, which has a beneficial effect on the overall development of the child.
If we talk about the history of the rattle, then it can probably be considered the ancestor of toys. In ancient Rus', rattles were made of wood and clay, leather, with seeds and pebbles placed inside, so that by making sounds, the rattle would not only amuse the baby, but also, as was then believed, drive away all sorts of evil spirits.
Now there is a huge selection of rattles for every taste and color. You need to choose a rattle according to the child’s age, taking into account the baby’s developmental calendar.
In the first two months of life, the baby is limited in his movements, and he can only look at the space around him. Our task is not to overload him with unnecessary items and periodically change toys in order to renew the baby’s interest again. Mobiles cope with this role perfectly - adjustable height, gentle melodies, smooth change of toys.
What kind of rattle should it be?
The main thing is that it should be a calm, pure color, because at first the baby does not distinguish colors. It is believed that for the development of visual perception it is very useful to show a child black and white objects, yes, but don’t be surprised. They help children learn to focus their vision on one object. It is very good to have rattles of different colors and shapes. You can show them to your baby one by one, thus, by observing his reaction, you can see that he already has his own preferences. Now there are soft bracelets for the arms - the baby, moving an arm or leg, makes a sound that attracts his attention. A hanging garland with different figures - rattles - can also be a good solution.
When the baby is 3-4 weeks old, you need to hang a bright rattle over the crib at a height of 45-50 cm in front of the baby, at a viewing angle of 45 °. She will help him learn to fix his gaze.
At three months, the baby already learns to clench his fingers and tries to touch an object. Many movements during this period are unconscious, and therefore use rattles to stimulate the baby to reach for a bright toy (rings, rattles with handles), the sound is already conscious. You can buy a musical toy. Only when choosing such a toy, pay attention to the volume of the music and its melody. Hang the rattles at a distance of 20 cm from the baby and show an example of how you can pull the toy so that it sings and rustles.
By 4 months, you can add images, for example, children, letters, to the garland of rattles. Visual memory works (methods of early childhood development are based on this). The baby also tries to rattle with a rattle - choose toys so that, depending on the filler, they make different sounds.
Already at five months, the baby consciously reaches out to a toy and tries to grab it. To do this, choose a rattle so that it fits easily in the child's hand. The shape of the handle can be flat or with small physiological protrusions; the weight of the toy should be such that the baby can easily hold it in his hand.
And by six months you can give free rein to your imagination; The more diverse the shape, color, and weight of the toy, the faster the baby will be able to experience the diversity of the environment. Now you can create the first difficulties for your baby, which he will happily overcome. After all, these are the first victories. It is very good if the toy encourages complex actions - pulling, unfolding, pressing. At this time, as a rule, the process of teething begins. This means that everything that comes into your hands will be tested to the teeth! Remember this when choosing a rattle, because it can also become a teether.
By nine months, your baby can already do a lot, for example, grab a hanging object, and can transfer it from hand to hand. Now our task is to develop fine motor skills - offer the baby cubes and tumblers. And the usual rattle already serves as an object of habitual communication between you and the baby. He already easily performs any actions with it - rattles it, waves at you.
And now your baby is one year old and there is no longer any need for simple rattles, they have already played their important “simple” role.
But regardless of age, there are basic requirements for purchasing a rattle:
• Rattles should not contain small parts that could get into the baby's respiratory tract.
• If you are buying wooden toys, check the quality of the parts.
• When purchasing toys, inquire about the quality certificate for the product. Now toys for children under one year old can be purchased at the pharmacy, which provides a guarantee of quality control.
Conclusions from the work on the project:
The children developed an understanding of rattles and learned the rules of behavior in the museum.
Parents' activity levels have increased.
The goals and objectives of the project have been fully realized.
List of used literature:
1. Nurgalieva, M. Projects of the Children's Museum - funny and educational / M. Nurgalieva // Museum. – 2010. – No. 9. – P. 32-35. (salary)
2. Makarova, N. P. Educational environment in the museum? Yes, if this museum is a children's museum: Children's museum as a way of organizing an educational environment / N. P. Makarova, T. A. Chichkanova // School technologies. – 2002. – No. 2. – P. 133-140. (chz)
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Helping your fingers
In order for a child to master all these skills faster and easier, it is necessary to help the development of fine motor skills. For training, you should use educational games, games with Velcro, buttons, zippers, and lacing.
You can make such toys yourself, or you can buy ready-made toys in the store. To make a visual aid for playing with your child yourself, you will need a piece of thick fabric with ready-made buttons. You need to sew several multi-colored Velcro and several detachable zippers onto it.
When playing with your baby, show how to perform this or that operation; usually children willingly repeat after adults. They'll love peeling off the Velcro and sticking it back in place, moving the zipper slider back and forth. During such games, the fingers are strengthened, the child’s skills are consolidated, and fine motor skills are improved.
Teethers rush to the aid of future teethers
Babies go through the teething period differently. In some, it is accompanied by strong salivation and gnawing on everything available; in others, the temperature may rise, sleep or digestion may be disrupted. Both of them are bothered by itching or soreness of the gums, and this itching can be reduced with teething toys. Nuk, Dr.Brown's, Nuby, Snubnosiki and TommeeTippee produce 3 categories of teethers: for front, middle and back teeth. Today there are a great variety of them, very different - latex and silicone, with and without filling, in the form of rings and funny, colorful figures. There are soft toys with teethers, teethers-rattles and sorters, teethers-books, vibrating, educational, developmental and cooling teethers - with gel or with water, for example, from Chicco.
What to consider when choosing?
- absence of harmful materials and paints and sharp corners;
- comfortable to hold in hand;
- shelf life and use;
- optimal size.
Before the first use, the teether, like a rattle and other toys, must be disinfected, for example, doused with boiling water - this is the simplest and most accessible method of disinfection. Different processing methods are used for toys made of different materials. Some can only be washed, others can withstand boiling, others are recommended to be sterilized with steam, and battery-powered toys can only be wiped with disinfectant wipes. It is necessary to resort to disinfection of toys after purchasing them, after falling on heavily contaminated surfaces or being in the wrong, unfamiliar hands. Even when your baby is recovering, especially after disorders. Too frequent radical cleaning methods can weaken the child’s immunity. So keep your toys clean and grow them healthy!
Author: Vera Goncharova
Choosing the “right” clothes
To help your child, you should pay attention every time to the presence of buttons, buttons, and zippers on children's clothing. It should be convenient for the child to fasten and unfasten so that he does not lose interest in it.
Velcro on shoes and clothing should be wide, and the tape should stick easily. The buttons should click easily. Usually new buttons are tight, parents should work them out a little so that the child does not suffer with them.
Choose clothes with round buttons; buttons in the shape of animal figures or flowers are beautiful, but sometimes they are very difficult to unfasten. Check how well all the buttons fit into the buttonhole. The size of the buttons should correspond to the child’s fingers; he should easily grasp them with two fingers.
The zipper should not jam, the lock should be as large as possible so that a child can easily get into it.
It is better to choose shoelaces with strong metal or plastic tips. The ends of the laces should be small.
The main thing: patience
Don't rush your child when getting ready for a walk. Let the baby button his jacket and shoes himself. Do not do for your child what he can and wants to do himself, otherwise he will soon lose interest in independence.
The child must do everything he can do on his own. Of course, it is difficult to do this if there is a caring grandmother rushing to help her grandson. The child quickly learns that others can do this for him and flatly refuses to dress himself in the future.
Maintain consistency in packing. The jacket should be worn last. Let the child put on his shoes first and fasten or lace his shoes, this will make him more comfortable.
Self-service skills are developed gradually. Your task, as parents, is to help your child a little in this formation. And there is no need to focus on other children and try to get ahead of nature, your child develops individually. If you are interested in your child's success, the baby will learn everything and will be happy to put on shoes and dress on his own.
