Combined kindergarten - what does it mean, features and reviews

Every child is in kindergarten anyway. As a rule, this is done so that the mother can go to work. Every parent wants their child to go to the best kindergarten. However, unfortunately, the child can be sent to an institution that is located not far from home. Often the choice is influenced by which kindergarten has a free place. Because of this, it is quite difficult to know about the quality of an institution. What to do if the kindergarten is of a combined type? Many mothers and fathers are completely unfamiliar with this concept, so they worry about where their child will end up. To make it more or less clear what this is, you need to read this article.

Combined group - what is the difference from a regular group in kindergarten

In accordance with our legislation, all children have equal rights to development, education and healthcare, regardless of their health and psychophysical characteristics.
Observing the principle of equal opportunities, a strong-willed, no other word for it, decision was made at the highest level - to allow children with special needs due to health conditions to be brought up and grow up in a group of children without such special needs. About compensating groups, you can add one more thing: yes, children with speech disorders can be in combined groups, but if there are a large number of children with, say, speech disorders in the kindergarten, then it is easier and more expedient to teach them according to a specially developed correctional program. This way, correction of violations will be most effective.

Features of the work of a teacher in a group of combined orientation

Bibliographic description:

Kuznetsova, T. D. Features of the work of a teacher in a group of combined orientation / T. D. Kuznetsova. — Text: immediate // Current tasks of pedagogy: materials of the VIII International. scientific conf. (Moscow, November 2021). - Moscow: Buki-Vedi, 2021. - pp. 55-57. — URL: https://moluch.ru/conf/ped/archive/272/13158/ (access date: 01/14/2021).


The article reveals the essence of the work of educators in a group of combined orientation, tasks, and forms of work.

Key words: educators, combined group, Federal State Educational Standard for Education, children with disabilities

The Federal State Educational Standard for Education defines one of the main tasks as “Ensuring equal opportunities for the full development of every child during preschool childhood, regardless of place of residence, gender, nation, language, social status, psychophysiological and other characteristics (including disabilities).”

Inclusive education makes it possible for children with disabilities to attend regular preschool educational institutions and be raised together with other children. The organization of the educational process for children with disabilities (hereinafter referred to as HIA) should be considered as an integral part of the federal state standards of general education.

The creation of special conditions in kindergarten for children with disabilities to receive education is associated not only with the creation of a certain material and technical base of the educational institution, but also with a change in the entire educational environment.

Healthy, normally developing children who go through inclusive education develop qualities such as sympathy, empathy, and responsiveness. They become more tolerant, which is especially important for a society with an extremely low level of tolerance. The inclusion of children with disabilities in the educational process of MBDOU changes, first of all, the attitudes of adults towards children - all children have characteristics and special educational needs.

Combined groups for children with speech impairments in preschool institutions are open with the aim of providing correctional and developmental education and education for children with normal hearing and intelligence who have deviations in speech development and providing specialized advisory, correctional and pedagogical assistance to children with speech impairments. The upbringing and education of children is built in accordance with the adapted basic educational program of the preschool institution, as well as special correctional programs that provide, along with the comprehensive development of children, the correction of defective speech development, taking into account the characteristics of the psychophysical development and individual characteristics of the child.

In combined groups for children with disabilities, a clear organization of the correction process is provided. It is provided by:

- timely examination of children;

‒ •rational scheduling of specially organized activities;

- planning subgroup and individual work;

‒ •equipping the speech therapy room with the necessary equipment and visual aids;

‒ •joint work of a speech therapist with parents, educators, and specialists.

At meetings of the kindergarten PMPc, issues of organizing work with children with developmental disorders are discussed. To work in groups of a combined orientation, educators who have completed advanced training courses are appointed, in accordance with the indications of the limitations of the pupils of these groups.

The main directions of work of the teaching staff in the combined group:

‒ monitoring the individual developmental characteristics of each child;

‒ a comprehensive assessment of the resources and deficits of a child with disabilities to draw up an individual-oriented plan and an adapted educational program;

‒ planning the educational process taking into account the individual educational needs of children in the combined group;

‒ organization of joint life activities of children in a combined group;

‒ monitoring the educational process. Throughout the entire period of training and education of children with disabilities, monitoring is carried out continuously, which makes it possible to track the effectiveness of the correctional work of teachers.

The activities of a teacher in a combined group are similar to those of a teacher in general developmental and compensatory groups and are aimed at ensuring the comprehensive development of all students in the group. Features of the organization of work of a teacher in a combined group are:

‒ planning (together with a speech therapist and other specialists) and carrying out correctional and developmental activities for pupils with disabilities;

‒ planning (together with other specialists) and organizing joint activities of all students in the group;

‒ maintaining continuity in work with other specialists in the implementation of adapted educational programs for children with disabilities;

‒ ensuring an individual approach to each pupil with developmental disabilities, taking into account the recommendations of specialists (taking into account the recommendations of each teacher: the teacher takes into account speech therapy recommendations, and the speech therapist takes into account the advice of the teacher);

‒ consulting parents (legal representatives) of children with disabilities on issues of raising a child in the family;

‒ maintaining the necessary documentation.

Together with the teacher, there is always an assistant teacher in the group, who participates in organizing routine processes and also occupies a minority of the children while the teacher is busy with the majority.

The tasks facing the teacher of the combined group:

1. Providing an opportunity for children with disabilities to receive high-quality preschool education in preschool educational institutions;
2. Construction of an educational program taking into account the characteristics of each child in an inclusive education environment;
3. Ensuring the full maximum integration of children with disabilities into the team of ordinary preschoolers by creating a barrier-free space for the interaction of all members of the educational process;
4. Organizing effective interaction with parents of pupils to create conditions for full development in preschool institutions and at home;
5. Constant psychoprophylactic work with parents of healthy children and children with disabilities on the topic of creating a favorable psychological atmosphere in the group;
6. Assistance to parents in the form of consultations and training in the upbringing and development of all children in the combined group;
7. Motivating parents of students to actively participate in the processes of learning and development of children, showing initiative and providing assistance to teachers;
8. Correctional-pedagogical, medical, psychological and social correction of the condition of children with disabilities.

During organized forms of educational activity between a teacher and children, special attention is paid to ways of organizing joint activities of children: in turns, in pairs, in subgroups, with common means of implementing a plan or a common goal of interaction. Such organizational forms of work in a combined group are frontal and group classes, as well as classes in small groups (2–3 people), and individual classes.

Carrying out the entire complex of correctional training requires combining special classes to correct speech defects with the fulfillment of general program requirements.

Subgroup and individual lessons are provided by the teacher-speech therapist. Along with this, in the afternoon, special time is allocated for the teacher to work with subgroups and individual children on speech correction according to the instructions of the speech therapist “Speech Therapy Hour”. The teacher plans his work taking into account program requirements and the speech capabilities of preschoolers, since in the process of correctional and educational work the speech capabilities of each child with disabilities are taken into account.

The goal of remedial education in combined groups is to correct the sound aspect of speech, the grammatical structure of speech and phonemic underdevelopment. Education of children with correct, clear, expressive speech (in accordance with age) with the help of special speech therapy techniques and methods; preparing students for literacy training.

The main objectives of combined groups for children with speech impairments are:

1. Implementation of the necessary correction of speech disorders in preschool children.
2. Prevention of violations of oral and written speech.
3. Development of higher mental functions of pupils.
4. Development in children of voluntary attention to the sound side of speech.
5. Raising children's desire to overcome speech deficiencies and maintain emotional well-being in their adaptive environment.
6. Improving the methods of speech therapy work in accordance with the capabilities, needs and interests of the preschooler.

The effectiveness of correctional and developmental work in a combined group largely depends on the continuity in the work of the speech therapist teacher and other specialists. The speech therapist interacts with teachers in different forms. This is the joint preparation of long-term work planning for the current period in all educational areas; discussion and selection of forms, methods and techniques of correctional and developmental work; equipping a developing subject space in a group room; mutual attendance and participation in integrated educational activities; joint implementation of educational activities during regime moments, weekly assignments from the speech therapist to educators. In the calendar plans of educators, at the beginning of each month, the speech therapist indicates the lexical topics for the month, an approximate vocabulary for each topic being studied, the main goals and objectives of correctional work.

The speech therapist’s weekly assignments to the educator include the following sections:

- five-minute speech therapy sessions;

- outdoor games and finger exercises;

- individual work;

‒ recommendations for the selection of fiction and illustrative material.

Literature:

1. Problems of preschool education at the present stage: Issue 5. / Comp. O. V. Dybina, O. A. Yenik. / - Tolyatti: TSU, 2007.
2. Project method in the activities of preschool institutions: A manual for managers and practical workers of preschool educational institutions / Author: L. S. Kiseleva, T. A. Danilina, T. S. Lagoda, M. B. Zuikova. — 3rd ed. corr. and additional - M.: ARKTI, 2005.

Key terms
(automatically generated)
: combined focus, child, combined group, group, educational process, teacher, speech disorder, kindergarten, preschool, individual work.

Employees

Most parents, having learned what a combined garden is, understand why this institution has such a large staff. In addition to teachers and their assistants, who form the basis of the staff of a general developmental kindergarten, it includes teachers and doctors of narrow specializations. Meanwhile, they are subject to the same requirements as other preschool employees:

— Availability of a state-issued document on higher or specialized secondary education.

— Absence of deprivation of the opportunity to engage in teaching activities on the basis of a court order.

— No criminal record for certain types of offenses.

— Full legal capacity in the manner prescribed by law.

— Provision of documents indicating the absence of a certain list of diseases approved by the authorized health authority.

Of course, in addition to these basic requirements, the kindergarten administration takes into account a person’s personal qualities when hiring a person. Working in any garden requires a lot of patience, professionalism and love for children from the employee. And for a preschool institution of a combined type, such qualities are especially important, because children in correctional groups need special care.

Group name for preparatory group

The names for the preparatory group are already moving away from the children's theme and are approaching the theme of the school, acquiring seriousness and solidity. By this age, children already have the necessary awareness to independently choose the name of a group in kindergarten according to age.

Moreover, such a procedure will be very useful for children, and it can be organized as a full-fledged educational process.

For example, give the children the task of coming up with their own version, preparing a mini-presentation, talking about why he proposes this particular name, what motto should be used. Of course, this work may seem too difficult for preschoolers, but if parents are actively involved in it, then every child can cope with it. If parents are not too active, you can divide the group into small subgroups - teams, and give each team the task to come up with their own version. Teams need to be selected taking into account the activity of children and parents - so that each includes both enthusiasts and those children and parents who, it seems, do not care at all what their group will be called.

Which name of the group in kindergarten by age for the preparatory group will ultimately be approved can be decided by voting by the jury. Since children and parents will be interested in “promoting” their options, it is best to invite teachers, educators from other groups and the kindergarten administration as a jury. As you can see, even choosing the name of a group in kindergarten by age, you can conduct an extensive open lesson in which children will acquire the most important skills - they will show imagination and ingenuity, learn to present information to an audience, make arguments and gain team interaction skills.

Examples of names for the preparatory group: “Classics”, “Geeks”, “Book lovers”, “Clever people”, “Knowledgeable”, “ABC book”, “Alphabet”, “Septembers”.

General development kindergarten

Today, a general developmental kindergarten is a standard kindergarten that has retained its significance since Soviet times. The development of a child is carried out in three directions: intelligence, aesthetics, physical education.

• Communication with other children relates to social adaptation and occurs during games and activities.
• Intellectual abilities are developed in classes conducted by the teacher.
• The child learns aesthetics through drawing, modeling, and music classes.
• Physical activity is given during morning exercises, during walks and outdoor games.

Such an organization of children's education has been tested over the years and allows one to fully prepare a child for school, shaping him as a harmoniously developed personality.

Let us note that the management of a general education kindergarten independently, but legally, chooses the category that prevails in education. While maintaining general developmental programs provided in full, the emphasis is on social and personal development, cognitive and speech techniques are used, and physical or artistic and aesthetic education of children is carried out.

General education kindergarten is a familiar format for educating children, where decisions on areas of development are made unilaterally by management

Related article: what is a compensating garden

Non-standard equipment in kindergarten carries a very deep meaning. Simple diagrams and drawings are not enough; every detail must be thought out. At preschool age, the child’s brain is still very flexible and susceptible to external influences.

All information received at this age is perceived a priori as unique and beyond doubt - therefore it is very important to use non-standard equipment in kindergarten competently and for the benefit of the preschooler’s health. This includes the selection of safe materials, a clear idea of ​​how the structure will be fixed in the gym, and the selection of the right colors

1. “Colored ladder” - you can crawl under it on your bellies without touching hanging obstacles (lids from juices, kinders). In a vertical position, the ladder becomes an excellent target for throwing.
2. The “sensation track” will strengthen the leg muscles and introduce children to different surfaces. The path can be made at home. Sometimes you don't need a lot of prep work. All you need is a piece of paper and a felt-tip pen to do a series of exercises to strengthen your leg muscles.

***

If the kindergarten is non-state, the characteristics of any of the above-mentioned varieties can be determined approximately, and the preschool education program is developed by the kindergarten itself based on the standard program and federal requirements.

In addition, it is worth remembering that the child development options you need should not only be included in the type of kindergarten as such, but may also be contained in additional educational services provided by one or another preschool institution on a contractual basis - of course, not in replacement of the main educational activities of this preschool institution.

Video on the topic

Tips on how to choose a good kindergarten:

Thus, combined kindergartens consist of groups of different directions. They can accommodate average children, those with developmental disabilities, and gifted individuals. It's not easy to get into such an establishment.

You need to go through a series of doctors, get a conclusion, and stand in line. But we must remember that such institutions have many advantages. Thanks to them, a baby with certain characteristics can grow up to be a normal, full-fledged person.

Depending on their specifics and functions, preschool educational institutions are classified into the following types: - kindergarten (regular); — general developmental kindergarten; — child development center; — kindergarten with an ethnocultural component of education; — kindergarten for supervision and health improvement; — compensatory kindergarten; — combined type kindergarten, etc.

Different types of kindergarten will have a curriculum, quality of food, number of children in the group and even psychological atmosphere.

In preschool institutions of a general educational type, the moral, intellectual and physical development of children is carried out. Development centers solve the same problems, but these kindergartens are equipped with computer classes, play complexes and swimming pools.

Compensatory highly specialized kindergartens were created for children with disorders of the musculoskeletal system, vision, hearing, speech, who are often ill, as well as with delayed mental and physical development. A combined type institution includes several different groups: compensatory, general development, health, and in different combinations.

Combined kindergarten: what does it mean?

·Organizational and pedagogical activities. It includes methodological equipment for educational and correctional development; staffing groups, organizing work to improve the skills of teaching staff, educational work with teachers and parents.

· Corrective educational work on the comprehensive development of the child, his socialization and preparation for school activities. To effectively organize educational activities, teachers must be well aware of the student’s capabilities: information about his diagnosis, the results of a medical examination and prescribed treatment, psychophysical developmental disorders, abilities, level of training, range of interests, genetic factors. Each lesson has a correctional direction, which follows from their long-term work plan.

Regular kindergarten or compensatory preschool educational institution?

Parents whose children are already attending a compensatory kindergarten mostly speak positively about the methods and approaches practiced in the institution

As a result, other parents are already thinking about sending their child to a corrective kindergarten, since there is organization, focus on results and sensitive attention of teachers to all children, without exception.. What stops such parents is often only the fact that the education children entering such kindergartens not for medical reasons (that is, without a medical certificate), paid

At the same time, there are no fixed tariffs, since the pricing policy of each individual institution depends on many factors, which are written about on the official websites.

What stops such parents is often only the fact that the education of children entering such kindergartens not for medical reasons (that is, without a medical certificate) is paid. At the same time, there are no fixed tariffs, since the pricing policy of each individual institution depends on many factors, which are written about on the official websites.

It is noteworthy that many parents today are ready to give their last money to pay for their child’s stay in a special preschool institution, just so that they do not end up under the supervision of teachers at a regular kindergarten. And all because a compensatory kindergarten, in fact, is a guarantee that the child will not only receive the necessary knowledge and skills, but will have the opportunity to improve his health, eat more healthily and receive a more reverent attitude towards himself.

However, experts do not recommend that loving mothers and fathers rashly send their child to a specialized preschool institution unless there are medical indications for it. Thanks to the educational reforms being carried out in Russia today, every child can receive all of the above in the most ordinary kindergarten, but with the difference that the program will be standard for all members of different groups.

By the way, it is impossible not to mention that in addition to the compensatory kindergarten, there are also compensatory schools, where the rules and methods are absolutely the same as in kindergarten, but taking into account the age category of the children.

Kindergarten of compensatory type (with priority implementation of qualified correction)

These kindergartens accept children with various pathologies, for example, with mental retardation, tuberculosis intoxication, musculoskeletal disorders, hearing impairment, speech impairment, visual impairment, intellectual impairment, and children who are often ill. Highly qualified doctors work in such kindergartens, and special conditions are created for children - sometimes dietary meals, swimming pools, saunas, massage rooms, a small number of children in groups. In compensatory kindergartens they not only treat, but also educate and train in accordance with a special program. At these kindergartens there are consultation points where parents can get advice and recommendations on what to do in a particular case.

To get into a compensatory kindergarten, you need a referral from a pediatrician and certificates from specialists in the kindergarten’s profile.

Features of the educational program

If in ordinary kindergartens a single standard plan for the development of a child is used, then in combined preschool institutions specialized educational programs are being developed. They are compiled directly by the teacher and the head of the institution.

The programs of combined kindergartens describe teaching methods, a list of necessary items and means for the proper development of preschool children. They involve the introduction of innovations, analysis of the pupil’s health, interaction with the child’s family, and carrying out correction work.

The child receives the level of knowledge that he needs to enter a regular school. Educational programs take into account the individual needs of each category of children, and therefore have certain differences.

Education in a mixed-type kindergarten can be of three types:

1. frontal. The teacher works with the entire group of children. Classes have a uniform content and are held strictly according to the schedule. Kids interact with each other during the learning process;
2. individual. Gives the teacher the opportunity to work separately with each child. Usually used in severe cases. This approach allows the child to learn the material well. But great emotional costs are required from the pupil;
3. group. Training takes place in classes based on interests. The interaction of children in the educational process is ensured.

Teaching methods in combined preschool institutions must fully comply with the standards adopted at the federal level.

Organization of stay time

An important question is how kids will spend their time in a combined kindergarten. What does it mean? All the time they will spend in kindergarten is fully scheduled in accordance with special educational programs. They are approved directly by the institution and then sent to the ministry for verification. Which program will be provided depends entirely on the group in question.

In addition to the usual activities for children's institutions, such as sleep, free games and walks, such a kindergarten will also pay attention to various activities with specialists. They can conduct special games that develop fine motor skills, and also carry out physical therapy and speech therapy classes. As a rule, all activities carried out have the most positive effect on the baby’s health.

Compensatory kindergarten - what does it mean?

The peculiarity is that educational programs are used that are adapted for children with physical and mental health problems.

Training involves conducting rehabilitation classes. Thanks to a well-designed program, it is possible to eliminate the disorder or reduce its severity.

Classes are conducted using techniques developed for each type of disorder. This allows for the proper development of a child with special needs. An individual approach is selected for each child.

It is customary to form compensatory groups in preschool educational institutions in a standard way, according to age.

A compensatory kindergarten is today one of the most effective institutions for the correction of children with various disabilities. Most parents are distrustful of such kindergartens; most often they are afraid of the name itself, although in fact specialists can help the child and positively influence his development.

Most often, parents cannot provide all this on their own, because they lack knowledge and experience. Parents should not be afraid of the very fact that their child will go to a compensatory kindergarten, because this has only one advantage.

First of all, you should pay attention to experienced professionals who have many years of experience working with such babies, which means that efficiency increases significantly. We should also not forget that such children may have problems adapting to the team, because they have some special features

It is important that they encounter different categories of kids in order to be ready for anything in the future.

We should also not forget that such children may have problems adapting to the team, because they have some special features

It is important that they encounter different categories of kids in order to be ready for anything in the future.

This is also an excellent institution for those parents whose children often suffer from serious illnesses, are susceptible to infections, and are able to independently fight various health problems. In a compensatory kindergarten there are all the necessary conditions for the full development of the child, taking into account his individual characteristics.

https://youtube.com/watch?v=fKf2kG7gHvw

If he has a visual impairment, the teachers will be attentive to this. They will do their best to improve performance, as well as present the material in such a way that the child perceives it well.

Not every kindergarten pays special attention to nutrition, although in fact this is very important, given that your child is constantly growing

In a compensatory kindergarten, all the characteristics of the child, his age group, developmental deviations, etc. are taken into account. This means that if your child has a weakened immune system, his diet will contain the maximum amount of essential vitamins.

Now parents are falling into despair because experts recommend sending their child to a compensatory kindergarten. In this case, public opinion plays a significant role, but if mom and dad really need to learn how to take care of the child, then all this should fade into the background.

In this institution, the baby will receive everything he needs. You also don’t have to worry about knowledge, because the material in such an institution differs little from the usual, it simply changes in the form of presentation, so that, for example, a child with hearing impairment can learn the knowledge as effectively as possible.

If a child has any disorders of the musculoskeletal system, then in a kindergarten of this type all the nuances will be taken into account, he will be able to move around the room calmly and safely.

This means that the recovery process will be as fast as possible, which is a huge advantage of such gardens. In no case should you neglect the services of specialists, because they know how to work with children, taking into account all the nuances of their development.

A huge plus is also the fact that there are few children in the group, and this allows teachers to pay more attention to everyone, noticing who is lagging behind in what and where they need to improve. Psychologists also work with children, identifying their problems, helping to solve them, and correcting their behavior.

What parents could not cope with for a long time, teachers can easily change

Special attention is paid to massage, because children are constantly growing, and a lack of vitamins or minerals can negatively affect the formation of their skeleton and muscles

Advantages and disadvantages

Many parents do not know whether to send their child to a combined kindergarten. To make the right decision, you need to understand what advantages and disadvantages such an institution has. According to reviews from mothers and pediatricians, mixed-type kindergartens have many advantages.

Among the positive aspects of studying at the institution, it is worth highlighting the following:

• It is believed that children, being in a combined kindergarten, recognize each other’s characteristics. This gives them the understanding that everyone is different;
• psychologists say that children with physical and psychological disabilities adapt faster and develop better when they have the opportunity to observe healthy children;
• children with a low level of adaptation learn to quickly adapt to new conditions;
• use of individual programs. Regular kindergartens are aimed at healthy children. Children with physical and mental disabilities have a hard time in such an institution. The child may face rejection by his classmates and teacher. In a combined kindergarten, the pupil is treated taking into account the individual characteristics of his development;
• the child does not feel like an outcast in society. This allows him to grow up to be a full-fledged, self-confident person, to have a normal personal life and career;
• The institution creates a special staff of educators trained to work with children with certain disabilities. All of them are required to have a medical or pedagogical education. The staff includes speech therapists, speech pathologists, immunologists, rehabilitation specialists, and psychotherapists;
• children in a combined kindergarten receive more attention than in a regular preschool;
• the conditions necessary for the growth and development of a child with certain needs are provided;
• The characteristics of the baby’s reaction to certain foods are taken into account. For children with gastritis, allergies to certain foods, a special diet is selected;
• Physical and mental defects are eliminated or significantly reduced.

The disadvantages of combined kindergartens are as follows:

• problems may arise when registering a child in a regular secondary school;
• the enrollment process involves going through a number of stages;
• difficulties in registering for such a preschool institution;
• a combined kindergarten may be located far from your place of residence. This creates certain inconveniences when visiting it;
• In order for such an institution to help a child with certain needs develop correctly, it is necessary to maintain a special attitude towards the baby at home.

What other types of DS exist?

The institutions described above occupy the main niche in the system of preschool education. There are other DS, less common, but not empty. Let's consider them:

1. Kindergarten with supervision and general health improvement functions. The institution's activities are focused on prevention and health improvement. Sanitary and hygienic measures and procedures are carried out.
2. Ethnocultural (national) DS. The main direction is the cultural heritage of individual nations and peoples, instilling in a child respect for other cultures. Children are instilled with a caring attitude towards the spiritual values ​​of a person, regardless of his religion. Classes are structured so that children master the traditions and customs of different peoples. The main task is to use the example of folk traditions to convey to the future member of a multinational society the need to be tolerant and complacent towards all peoples and cultures.
3. Child development centers. Kindergarten with expanded capabilities and functions. At its core, it is a multifunctional complex, which has a health and games room, a drawing studio, a children's theater, a classroom with computers, and a swimming pool. Education is carried out in a comprehensive manner, using classes on physical and psychological development. Correction methods have been introduced, and the artistic, aesthetic and intellectual development of children is being carried out.

Innovative teaching methods can be used at the child development center; much attention is paid to creativity and the cultivation of aesthetic sense

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7kKCOqUkwk4

Groups and institutions whose main activities are aimed at preparing a child for school. Presented in the following forms:

1. Preschool groups created at state educational institutions. Organized for children aged 6 years to prepare them for school.
2. Pro-gymnasiums. Education is based on a full study of primary school programs. The institutions accept children of preschool and primary school age. Basic subjects are studied: Russian language (orally), mathematics, English language (initial knowledge). Additionally, aesthetic education programs have been introduced: music, dancing, rhetoric, drawing, modeling, swimming, educational games, rhythm. When choosing a gymnasium, you should carefully read the educational program of the institution. A short program list suggests that the institution does not live up to its name. Classes in pro-gymnasiums are based on a game principle, which is easier for children from 3 to 6 years old to learn.
3. Education centers operating on a comprehensive basis. Refers to government agencies. They use programs developed for preschool and primary education. Continuation of education in education centers implies a continuity of the process when the child receives general education combined with vocational training. They are organized on the principle of public interest in program training with elements of continuity and accessibility. Admission is carried out on a general basis.

Pro-gymnasium

In the lane from Greek means “preparing for school.” Those. The pro-gymnasium prepares children for school. The pre-gymnasium population includes children of preschool and primary school age.

The first important difference is the systematic study of the basics of all subjects required for primary school (mathematics, Russian language - in the form of oral reading, basics of English). In addition, the pre-gymnasium curriculum includes subjects of the so-called aesthetic cycle, which contribute to the comprehensive development of the individual. Music and choreography, modeling and drawing, rhythm and rhetoric, outdoor games and swimming come to the aid of teachers. This is why parents choosing a secondary school need to first of all pay attention to the list of subjects offered to students: if it is far from complete, then this secondary school is unlikely to meet its intended purpose - to prepare the child for school. The second feature of the pro-gymnasium is that lessons in all subjects are conducted in an entertaining, mainly playful way. And this is quite natural: from three to six to eight years old, a little person learns about the world around him through play.

Attending a pro-gymnasium helps a child get into the rhythm of continuous learning, gently immersing him in the educational environment, so that a real meeting with school, the need to comply with certain requirements, discipline, and doing homework no longer becomes severe stress.

What does kindergarten mean - combined, compensatory - and - general developmental - type

Classes with children are conducted using methods specially developed for each type of disorder. The formation of groups, as in a general education kindergarten, is carried out according to age. In addition to the listed indications, referrals to groups are given to children who often suffer from acute respiratory diseases and children with a weakened immune system.

The main burden falls on the shoulders of educators who have been previously trained in working with problem children. Organizing the work of the kindergarten involves preparing a special diet for children. This means that a kindergarten with compensatory education is also indicated for children with gastrointestinal problems or those who need a special diet for other indications.

Types of kindergartens

Let's remember the types of kindergartens. Lawyers will say that they differ in the form of ownership, but for us it is more important what their pros and cons are.

Municipal

The main advantage is the district kindergarten, it is nearby. The main disadvantage is the conditions of stay and learning (number of children in the group, number of teachers, level of comfort, availability of teaching aids and toys). The declared freeness of municipal kindergartens is usually very conditional - they are most often semi-free: there are additional payments for clubs, “fees” for building repairs and gifts.

Departmental

Kindergartens for employees of certain institutions. Plus - fewer children. Typically, such gardens are paid, and the amount of payment is set by the “department”. Sometimes children from “outside” are also accepted there, but then you have to pay more for such a kindergarten.

Family (home)

The main advantage is home comfort and a small number of children. The main disadvantage is the absence or conditionality of a legal framework, which means there are always questions in the area of ​​“safety and health.” Classes with children are not always carried out at a high professional level.

Private

Pros: high level of comfort, original teaching methods, foreign languages ​​and various clubs, small number of children in the group, well-equipped areas, many additional services. Always paid.

Inclusive education in Russia

The Constitution of the Russian Federation, the Federal Law “On Education in the Russian Federation” and the Federal State Educational Standard legally ensure the right of any person to education, regardless of his physical, mental and intellectual characteristics and capabilities.

Inclusive education is designated in the state standard as an advanced system of joint education for children with disabilities and healthy children.

Inclusion can help a special child and make typical children kinder and more responsive, but this requires certain conditions:

• disturbances in the development of a child with disabilities should not be severe (a mild form can be successfully leveled out by interacting with healthy children, but if intelligence, hearing, or vision are impaired, visiting such groups will not bring the child the expected results, and the PMPK recommends a child care institution that corresponds to the developmental defect;
• Classes on an individual educational program will give a positive result only if the educators are competent in the field of inclusive technologies and meet the teacher’s standard.

State policy regarding the development and education of children with disabilities implies modernization of the environment: improving the material and technical base, training, changing the consciousness of citizens. Ideas and projects of inclusive education are still far from perfect for objective reasons, because in life we ​​still often encounter:

• educators who are not ready to work with a large group of children, which may include one or more children with disabilities;
• parents of healthy children who do not want to understand the problems of someone else’s special child, and their children who refuse to communicate in a group with “not like everyone else.”

Sometimes a special child, according to the conviction and desire of his parents, ends up in a regular kindergarten, and an unbearable life begins for the children of the group in which he was assigned. The mother believes that communication with other children has a positive effect on her baby, and the parents of the other children will blame the special child for all the negative metamorphoses that occur with their children, even if the special child has absolutely nothing to do with it. In this situation, everyone suffers from the communication of children with different developmental backgrounds: ordinary children avoid contact with the special, receiving negativity from this communication; a child with disabilities finds himself misunderstood and lonely; parents of all children are nervous; the teacher pays a lot of attention to one child, depriving others, or vice versa, and neither one nor the other contributes to harmonious relationships in the group

And in order to cultivate mercy, the teacher needs equal attention to all children. As a result, correction of the developmental deficiencies of the child who needs it does not occur, and healthy children feel uncomfortable or show indifference, and sometimes aggression towards the child with disabilities

The inclusive education system is widely discussed, has its pros and cons, but so far it has not taken root in Russia - too many changes in society must happen for this to happen.

There are parents who believe that it is better to prepare a child with disabilities for school without visiting a preschool educational institution, studying individually with specialists and without traumatizing the child’s psyche, but depriving him of the opportunity for full socialization. Also, the effect of daily classes by qualified specialists with special children in a correctional kindergarten is not comparable with the usefulness of occasional classes at home or in addition to a regular kindergarten.

When deciding which kindergarten a child should attend, it is worth listening to the opinions of experts and the recommendations of the PMPC. A child with minor disabilities will not be sent to a correctional kindergarten unless absolutely necessary.

Preschool groups of state educational institutions “education center”

An education center is a type of state educational institution that implements general educational programs of preschool, primary general, basic general, secondary (complete) general education, professional training programs for students and additional education on the basis of succession, continuity, accessibility and personal orientation of students, taking into account the educational needs of the population.

There are educational institutions of various types. For example, there is a combined kindergarten: not all parents know what this means.

Mothers are very confused about where their baby will be. Therefore, it is important to approach the choice of a preschool institution responsibly.

A combined kindergarten is an institution that combines groups of various types. This means that, along with healthy children, those who have certain health problems can study in a preschool institution. For example, in such kindergartens there are speech therapy, rehabilitation and general development groups.

The institution is indicated for the following categories of children:

• gifted;
• ordinary;
• with a diagnosis of cerebral palsy;
• with speech defects;
• with poor vision, hearing;
• those lagging behind in mental and physical development;
• co ;
• with low level

Whether a child needs a combined type of kindergarten can be determined by a pediatrician after an examination and analysis of his morbidity over the past year. The doctor will be able to determine which group the baby should be sent to. The main purpose of a combined kindergarten is adaptation to the environment and preparation for further proper development.

Such educational institutions help children with various disabilities to function at the level of an average person. Groups are formed, as in a regular kindergarten, according to age.

Mixed-type kindergartens have the material and technical base that is necessary for the education and training of healthy children and those who have certain diseases.

How to get into a correctional group?

Getting into the correctional group of a combined kindergarten is not easy.
To do this, it is not enough to sign up and wait your turn. Parents will have to go through a number of stages with their child. First you need to make an appointment with your pediatrician. It is necessary for the doctor to examine the baby and refer him for a commission.

You will need to obtain the opinion of narrow specialists: for example, a defectologist, a neurologist, a psychologist, a surgeon and a number of other doctors. It all depends on what disorders there are in the baby’s development. Based on the conclusion, it is determined which group of mixed kindergarten the child should be enrolled in.

Usually, parents try to send their child to a preschool located near their home. But combined type kindergartens are less common than general developmental ones. In addition, some establishments may not have space. With the received conclusion, you should join the electronic queue.

To enroll your child in a mixed kindergarten, you must provide the following package of documents:

• photograph size 9x12;
• voucher issued by the education committee or recruitment commission. It should be drawn up on the basis of the conclusion and recommendations of a psychological, medical and pedagogical commission for children who have deviations in physical and mental development;
• a copy of the child's birth certificate. It is certified by the head of the educational institution based on presentation of the original. Kept in the child’s personal file;
• a statement written by the parents;
• baby's medical record;
• a copy of the parents' passport pages. Certified on the basis of the provided original.

This is an approximate list of documentation for enrolling a child in kindergarten. Combined preschool institutions may require different packages of papers. You should familiarize yourself with the list of required documentation by visiting the educational institution or by calling the administration. The recruitment of a mixed kindergarten is carried out on the basis of a federal order.

The child must meet the age category. It is determined individually by each institution. It all depends on the material and technical base and staff of the kindergarten. As a rule, a mixed educational institution accepts children who are three years old.

Staffing with pupils

What does it mean - a combined type kindergarten, how are pupils accepted into it? As a rule, the admission of children to an institution is carried out with the help of special regulatory documents. Children can go to such an institution upon reaching 3 years of age. In principle, some educational institutions are able to accept children of younger ages, it all depends on their material resources. Accordingly, if we are talking about enrollment in a general developmental group, then children are accepted only in accordance with the minimum age, as well as depending on the number of places.

Reviews about the combined type kindergarten (what this means is already discussed above) are as positive as possible. In order to get into a correctional group, you must provide certificates from relevant doctors, for example, a surgeon, speech pathologist, psychologist, and so on. Which specialists need to be bypassed completely depends on which group the parents intend to send the child to, as well as what diseases he has. As a rule, children are sent to a combined kindergarten, which is located next to the house. However, at the moment such institutions are not so common, so children from other areas may also end up in such an institution.

What other types of DS exist?

The institutions described above occupy the main niche in the system of preschool education. There are other DS, less common, but not empty. Let's consider them:

1. Kindergarten with supervision and general health improvement functions. The institution's activities are focused on prevention and health improvement. Sanitary and hygienic measures and procedures are carried out.
2. Ethnocultural (national) DS. The main direction is the cultural heritage of individual nations and peoples, instilling in a child respect for other cultures. Children are instilled with a caring attitude towards the spiritual values ​​of a person, regardless of his religion. Classes are structured so that children master the traditions and customs of different peoples. The main task is to use the example of folk traditions to convey to the future member of a multinational society the need to be tolerant and complacent towards all peoples and cultures.
3. Child development centers. Kindergarten with expanded capabilities and functions. At its core, it is a multifunctional complex, which has a health and games room, a drawing studio, a children's theater, a classroom with computers, and a swimming pool. Education is carried out in a comprehensive manner, using classes on physical and psychological development. Correction methods have been introduced, and the artistic, aesthetic and intellectual development of children is being carried out.

innovative techniques great attention

Preparatory groups

Groups and institutions whose main activities are aimed at preparing a child for school. Presented in the following forms:

1. Preschool groups created at state educational institutions. Organized for children aged 6 years to prepare them for school.
2. Pro-gymnasiums. Education is based on a full study of primary school programs. The institutions accept children of preschool and primary school age. Basic subjects are studied: Russian language (orally), mathematics, English language (initial knowledge). Additionally, aesthetic education programs have been introduced: music, dancing, rhetoric, drawing, modeling, swimming, educational games, rhythm. When choosing a gymnasium, you should carefully read the educational program of the institution. A short program list suggests that the institution does not live up to its name. Classes in pro-gymnasiums are based on a game principle, which is easier for children from 3 to 6 years old to learn.
3. Education centers operating on a comprehensive basis. Refers to government agencies. They use programs developed for preschool and primary education. Continuation of education in education centers implies a continuity of the process when the child receives general education combined with vocational training. They are organized on the principle of public interest in program training with elements of continuity and accessibility. Admission is carried out on a general basis.

Most children who reach the age of 3 are preparing to enter kindergarten. This is a very exciting moment for both the kids themselves and their parents.

When filling out the documents, some of them pay attention to the full name of the institution - a combined kindergarten. Not everyone knows what this wording is, and this only increases anxiety

Let's try to figure out what the features of such a kindergarten are.

Classification

Most often, preschool institutions are classified by specialization. For example, there are kindergartens that are aimed at simultaneously developing the intellectual, physical and moral abilities of children. Such kindergartens are general education.

In kindergartens, which are development centers, the same tasks are performed, but this institution differs in that it additionally has computer classes, swimming pools, and game complexes.

There are highly specialized kindergartens that are created for children with certain disabilities. We are talking about disorders of the musculoskeletal system, the development of the physical and psychological state of the child.