Child development at 14 months: new physical achievements and breastfeeding

After a year, girls begin to behave slightly differently from boys. But both of them are actively developing, improving their speech and becoming more active. Parents need to constantly engage in the development of the child at 1 year and 2 months. After all, for them this is a rather sensitive period for languages ​​and internal order.

They very quickly and easily remember language structures, which they then begin to use. It is very easy for them to learn a foreign language. But it is important to remember that you cannot babysit with them. Otherwise, they will remember the incorrect speech and will use it later. In addition, at this age children begin to form their perception of order. It is very important for them that everything is in its place and the daily routine is not disturbed.

Baby's nutrition at 10 months

At 10 months, most often the process of introducing complementary foods comes to an end and children begin to be transferred to the common table.
The baby's diet also includes breast milk or formula, but as the child's body grows, it requires a more high-calorie and nutritious menu. According to pediatricians, 10 months is the ideal time to gradually wean a baby from the breast. Child 10 months: the development and nutrition of a baby at this age must obey certain standards. According to the schedule for introducing complementary foods, a number of new products are now being added to the baby’s diet, which can provoke the development of allergic reactions or cause digestive disorders. To facilitate the child’s nutritional adaptation, any new product in his menu should be introduced in doses, starting with minimal portions (20-30 grams).

Now the baby can already be given natural fruit juices and purees, but on condition that his body reacts well to them. In order not to provoke irritation of the gastrointestinal tract, juices from sour fruits must be diluted with purified water in a 1:1 ratio.

Most babies have already tried meat puree by the age of 10 months. Nowadays, meat dishes can also be served in the form of meatballs, soufflés and meatballs, chewing which will help the baby stimulate the gums. As for the type of meat, if a child has any allergic reactions, the introduction of chicken and fish should be postponed for a couple of months, making up the baby’s diet from rabbit, turkey, veal and lean pork. In addition to meat, the child’s diet should include porridge, vegetable purees, broths and fermented milk products.

Breastfeeding after first birthday

If your baby continues to drink milk from the breast, congratulations. Breastfeeding after one year is not suitable for everyone, but its benefits are great:

• Although baby now gets most of his nutrition from complementary foods, breast milk contains calories, vitamins, enzymes and valuable immunity. Studies have shown that infants get sick less often.
• Contrary to popular belief, breastfeeding beyond 12 months does not make babies overly dependent. Close contact with mom creates a strong bond and provides emotional support that encourages independence and confidence.

Breastfeeding after a year can provoke difficulties - rude comments from people who are not used to seeing a big baby near the breast. To make life easier, have some quick answers to stupid questions ready. In response to “Is he still feeding from the breast?” just say a firm “yes” and end the interrogation instantly. If someone says, “Are you ever going to stop breastfeeding your son?” answer, “Yes, in about ten minutes.”

But if you are thinking about how to wean your child, you have that right. It is better to discuss the nuances of weaning with your pediatrician.

Development of boys and girls: main differences

Features of girls and boys At the age of ten months, you can already find differences in the behavior and development of children of different sexes. What should a 10 month old boy be able to do? He takes things out of cabinets and shelves and throws everything away. Easily climbs onto chairs and even onto tables. Starts talking later than girls. He is not interested in copying what adults say. Very active and loves to get into trouble. It takes a lot of effort to force your son to do something. He wants to do everything himself, without the help of his mother. What should a 10 month old girl be able to do? Has a strong attachment to his mother. Loves to hold hands. She prefers to have someone play with her. Likes quiet activities: collecting cubes, pyramids, leafing through books. Girls like to repeat what they hear. That is why they start talking earlier than boys. Of course, we should not forget about the individual characteristics of the child’s body and various factors that can influence the development of the baby. So don't be surprised if your son acts more like a girl or vice versa

Development of walking in a child at 14 months

If your baby has been walking for several weeks or months, his confidence and stability are likely to grow daily. See how he can start and stop smoothly, and can bend over to pick up a toy without falling? Fourteen-month-old babies love to move objects from one place to another; they never tire of pushing boxes and laundry baskets around the room. This is the activity that affects the child’s weight per year, causing him to actively lose calorie reserves.

You will also notice that the baby is constantly on the move, testing the physical abilities of his body. She may try to kneel on the floor or chair, try to climb stairs, or climb onto a coffee table. Her enthusiasm exceeds her abilities, so keep a close eye on her children's research.

Your baby may have enough coordination to roll the ball across the floor and try to catch it when you return the ball. Sit on the floor opposite - he will be busy playing for at least five minutes! Pushing and catching are quite complex skills, so don't worry if your child can't coordinate them. Such games are part of the need to explore the physical world, including objects and people.

If the baby does not walk, rest assured that this ability is only a matter of time. Just remember that a child who walks from 9 months or only from 18 months is completely normal.

Is it possible to stimulate the development of walking?

Does your baby walk easily and make attempts to climb uneven surfaces and hills? Establish a “bridge” for research. Take a smooth piece of wood (sand down any rough edges if your baby will play with it) and place it on the floor. Hold your child's hand as he walks across the bridge. Learning to put one foot in front of the other helps improve balance. If you put pillows along the sides of the bridge, the fall will be funny. Use other recommendations:

• Let me practice falling: make “jumps on a slide” from a pile of soft pillows that it is safe to fall (do this yourself a few times to show how - your baby will probably appreciate it); As your baby becomes more confident, she will soon be running up and jumping into the pile of pillows.
• Does your child seem frustrated by their inability to move independently? Let her use a stable push toy - a small cart with a bar. Slow walks with moving support will lead to confident walking. Folded pillows or a low box on the floor - an artificial obstacle to movement - will help you have fun and develop your baby's gross motor skills.
• Baby development at 14 months involves constant activity, so be sure to protect your home. The best way to make sure your little one can't get hurt is to look around the rooms in the house on your hands and knees and look for trouble—things that your little one might run into. Install security gates on the upper floors of staircases, close electrical sockets with special plugs, remove fragile objects from tables where an inquisitive toddler could accidentally touch them and break them. Make sure the water heater temperature does not exceed 51 degrees Celsius to prevent burns.

Weight and height standards for boys and girls

In domestic pediatrics, the normal development indicators for babies are 11 months. The following data is considered:

• weight: for girls – 8.3-10.5 kg, for boys – 8.6-11.2 kg;
• height: for girls – 70.1-76.4 cm, for boys – 71.3-76.5 cm.

But here are the development standards according to studies conducted by WHO:

• weight (kg): for girls – 7.7-9.9. Low indicator – 7.0-7.7. High indicator - 10.0-11.2. For boys – 8.4-10.5. Below the norm - 7.5-8.4. Above normal – 10.5 -11.7;
• height (cm): norm for boys – 72.2-76.9. Low parameter – 70.0-72.2. High parameter – 76.9-79.2. The norm for girls is 70.3-75.3. Low parameter – 67.7-70.3. High indicator - 75.3-78.0.

Another important criterion for the normal development of a baby is head circumference. This indicator is from 6 to 12 months. should increase by 0.5 cm/month. The given values ​​are of a conditional recommendation nature.

Your baby may develop a little faster or slower. If you think that your baby is not doing well: he is not gaining weight well or is lagging in growth, be sure to discuss this with your pediatrician.

Norms of weight and height in the tenth month of life

WHO has established height and weight standards for children of different ages and genders, regardless of the type of feeding. By comparing actual indicators with generally accepted ones, it is possible to identify developmental deviations in a timely manner. The physical parameters of ten-month-old boys and girls are shown in the table below.

There is a noticeable difference in the growth of children of different sexes. Girls, in comparison with boys, do not stretch out much; per year they are almost 1.5-2 cm shorter. In the tenth month, babies gain about 450-500 grams. The circumference of the head and chest increases by 0.5 cm.

The rate of weight gain and growth depends on a number of factors:

• nutrition (type, mode, balance, rationality);
• genetic features. Children whose parents are not tall will also have a growth rate below normal;
• sufficiency of walks. Sunlight stimulates the production of vitamin D, which is necessary for bone growth and strength. If this element is not enough, then developmental delay and rickets may occur;
• degree of activity. The more energy a child expends, the less body fat he has, and vice versa;
• presence of diseases (congenital, acquired);
• sufficient rest. In a dream, the baby grows. If there is not enough rest, this can lead to metabolic disorders and developmental delays.

Children continue to cut teeth. By the beginning of the tenth month, usually there are already six units: two lower, a pair of upper middle and two lateral incisors.

During teething, the baby may become capricious and whiny.

It is important to ensure that your gums do not become inflamed. To relieve discomfort, you should buy teethers.

Nutrition for an 11 month old baby

By the age of one year, the baby already has as many as 8 teeth, and he can try denser foods, while actively developing chewing movements.
The nutrition of a baby at 11 months resembles the diet for adults: cereals and vegetables, yoghurts and cheeses, lean meat, fruits, buns, cookies. Most of the menu: crushed cereals, purees, any steamed or boiled food.

But there are foods that you should hold off on: citrus fruits because they can cause allergies, high-fat milk, any fish because they are difficult to digest. You should not give your child spicy, fried or smoked food. Encourage your baby to regularly try new foods with unfamiliar flavors.

Even if the child does not like the food the first few times, over time he will get used to it. Solid food becomes a priority in the overall diet, but the baby still needs 500 ml of milk per day (preferably breast milk): in the morning, at lunch and before bed. If the baby drinks more than this norm per day, he will be full and refuse to eat during the day.

Try to eliminate night feeding or replace it with water.

It will be difficult, but if you can handle it, the baby will be hungry in the morning, and the feeding pattern of 3 solid meals and daily milk will be restored. If your baby drinks milk from a bottle, it’s time to move on to a sippy cup with a straw spout. This design will help the baby master the skill of swallowing.

The bottle must be abandoned by 18 months, otherwise the child will get used to taking it with him to bed and sipping it all night, which is dangerous for the development of caries. If your baby's teeth are not growing well, do not indulge in solid foods.

From birth to 6 months

For infants who do not receive complementary foods, breastfeeding is optimal. It is necessary to eliminate factors that impede the normal sucking of milk from the breast: for “tight breasts” - massage the gland and a warm shower before feeding the baby; for a flat, inverted nipple - use special pads during feeding. If the baby, due to his health condition, cannot suck the amount of milk he needs, it is necessary to supplement him with expressed milk, preferably from a spoon.

A breastfed baby must be provided with feedings on demand, including at night and in the early morning hours, and there should be no time limit on being at the breast.

It is recommended to carry out control weighings of the child during breastfeeding in order to determine the exact amount of milk sucked. The control weighing technique involves determining the baby’s body weight before each breastfeeding and after it during the day. They determine how much milk the baby sucked from the breast at each feeding, then add up these data and get the daily amount of nutrition. The result obtained is compared with the one that corresponds to normal in this case (the amount of nutrition is calculated not only based on age norms, but also depending on the body weight at birth and the weight of the baby at the time of examination)

Please note that weighing once before and after feeding does not provide objective data, since the amount of milk received by the baby during feedings can vary significantly during the day

If the mother has hypogalactia (insufficient production of breast milk), the pediatrician prescribes supplementary feeding in the form of an adapted milk formula. For bottle-fed children, with the participation of a pediatrician, an adapted milk formula is selected that corresponds to the age and characteristics of the baby’s body and does not cause allergies or signs of intolerance (regurgitation, bloating and colic, bowel movements).

At the initial stage of dietary treatment, which for mild malnutrition lasts 1-2 days, the pediatrician prescribes the child a volume of formula or breast milk equal to 2/3 of the volume that corresponds to the child’s actual body weight. The missing part of the nutritional volume must be replenished with liquid in the form of saline solution, Regidron, Oralit, etc. (which solution and in what volume to use is decided by the doctor). These solutions are also called “rehydration”, that is, they replenish the missing volume of fluid. In addition to water, they contain mineral salts, which is necessary for the “correct” use of fluid by body tissues.

If the baby absorbs nutrition well with this approach (i.e., he has no loss of appetite, unstable stool, signs of impaired digestion of food in a stool analysis - coprogram: increased amount of neutral fat, fatty acids, soap), by the end of the second day the amount of food is increased to what is required based on actual body weight. Then they continue to gradually increase the amount of formula, trying to achieve the daily volume of nutrition calculated for the body weight that the child should have at this age (proper body weight). This period is called transition.

After the successful completion of the transition period, a period of enhanced nutrition begins. The child receives approximately the same volume of formula as his healthy peers who do not have malnutrition. A pediatrician observing the baby may recommend earlier introduction of baby complementary foods into the diet. As a rule, the first complementary food for low birth weight children is porridge (preferably instant porridge - instant porridge produced specifically for feeding children that does not require cooking), since babies usually like its taste, it is easily digestible, and provides the body with a sufficient amount of energy. In this case, diluting dairy-free porridge with formula or expressed breast milk is allowed and even recommended.

Baby's speech at 2 years 10 months

As children approach three years of age, their speech develops faster and faster. Changes can be noticed literally every month.

What can a child already do?

1. Indicates himself, separates himself from others , says “I”, “I do”, etc. Calls others by name (perhaps in his own way).
2. Asks a lot of questions : “What is this?”, “Why is this?” etc.
3. Willingly repeats words after adults.
4. Answers simple questions.
5. He can learn a short poem and tries to recite it with expression and good intonation.

By the age of two years and 10 months, a child’s vocabulary is approximately 200-250 words, including prepositions and conjunctions.

The baby describes unfamiliar objects using words that he already knows.

Features of baby development at eight months

This is a difficult period for parents when they need to maintain a balance: giving the baby complete freedom of action in exploring the world around him and at the same time ensuring his safety

The development of a child at 8 months of life is dynamic in all directions: physical, emotional, psychological, and right now it is important for parents to be especially vigilant.

Physical

The daily routine for an 8-month-old baby usually looks like this: 2 hours of wakefulness, 2 hours of sleep, five feedings a day and 10-11 hours of sleep at night.

At this stage, most babies can already boast of several teeth (usually a pair of upper and two lower incisors). Don't worry if the gaps between your teeth seem too large: by age 2, the remaining milk units will fill the empty spaces. There will be 20 of them in total.

Premature babies develop teeth later. You only need to worry if by the age of one year the baby has not erupted a single tooth. The child's growth rate usually slows down at this stage. A table of the height and weight of 8-month-old children, compiled taking into account data from WHO and domestic pediatrics, will help to assess the physical development of the baby.

The values ​​given in the table should be considered as indicative. All children develop individually. If the child’s parameters fall within the stated boundaries, it means that the baby’s development is proceeding normally.

An important milestone in the physical development of the baby at this stage is crawling. You should not force things by encouraging your child to start walking right away.

This is harmful because he cannot yet hold the body in an upright position, which leads to an asymmetrical load on the musculoskeletal system and creates the preconditions for curvature of the spine. First of all, the baby must master crawling.

This will serve as excellent gymnastics for the uniform development of all muscle groups. The parents’ task is to create all the conditions for active crawling for the baby. Another important point in the physical development of a baby is the ability to sit down and stand up.

The eight-month-old toddler is incredibly active, immensely curious, but so far he has completely no sense of self-preservation. The baby does not realize that the world around him is fraught with all sorts of dangers and the parents’ task at this stage is to protect the baby from troubles.

There should be poisonous, small, sharp, hot objects and things of value out of reach of the child: documents, expensive equipment, etc. Unstable furniture, for example, bookcases, chests of drawers, should be attached to the wall or floor so that the child does not drop them on myself.

In the eighth month, the baby should gain about 0.5 kg in weight and grow by 1.5-2 cm.

Psychological

The eighth month of a baby’s life is marked by intense psychological development

Now the baby can concentrate attention on an object

Everything that falls into his hands, he examines with interest, knocks, feels, shakes, tastes. If you distract the baby at this moment, after a while he will return to the interrupted activity.

For an 8-month-old child, awareness of constancy is very important, so you should maintain previously developed rituals: daily routine, familiar surroundings. The baby is still very dependent on adults and begins to cry if he loses sight of his mother

Such anxiety is a normal phenomenon that contributes to the socialization of the child: he will gradually get used to another person with whom he temporarily remains in the absence of his parents. You can trust your baby only to trusted people with whom the baby is familiar. He still regards strangers as a potential danger.

Tactile sensations and fine motor skills of the hands

Babies love to be touched. Therefore, it is important to continue breastfeeding after a year, allowing the baby to spend more time in contact with the mother’s body. But in reality, children want to touch and feel everything they can - bark on a tree, pets, water pouring from a hose. Touch is an important learning tool for babies because:

• this is one of the ways to remember the details of various objects;
• helps stop saying “don't touch” every time your 14 month old reaches out.

One fun way to encourage your baby to explore her sense of touch in a controlled situation is to pair up different objects. Take two soft pencils, two pieces of fabric, two pieces of colored paper, two shells, etc. - the more variety the better - and put one item each in a bag. Then sit down with your baby, put your hand in the bag and examine the object that you come across. Then ask your little one to find a match for him in the bag on his own.

Removing items from containers is still a favorite pastime. But a typical 14-month-old baby will be trying to perfect more subtle movements. He may try to put on his own shoes, but gets frustrated when he can't do it himself and motions for his mom to help. Toddlers also love to manipulate objects - filling boxes with blocks or taking simple toys apart into parts.

To help your baby's development at 14 months, practice hand and finger movements using latches. Buy several different types of hooks and latches from the hardware store and attach them to a piece of wood. The baby will enjoy opening, closing and other manipulations with latches, improving fine motor skills. But avoid the latches that are currently used at home, so that the baby does not learn how to use them and cannot enter restricted areas of the house or yard.

Conclusion

A new stage awaits you and your baby. The toddler will probably change his diet, although his activity will increase daily. Try to control your baby's annual weight, but don't worry if he seems overly thin. Additional monitoring by a pediatrician will eliminate any problems. Try to make your children's diet more nutritious to prevent obesity. Provide more space for mastering the skill of walking, as well as developing fine motor skills. This plays the most important role in the development of a child at 14 months.

Daily routine for a 9 month old baby

On average, 9-month-old babies need to sleep about 14 hours a day. There should be at least two daytime naps with a total duration of 3-4 hours. At night, children should sleep up to 10 hours straight. Some children (especially those who are still breastfed) ask for breastfeeding at night.

But this is not accompanied by physical hunger, but by the need to feel maternal warmth. Due to excessive tiredness during the day, babies may have trouble sleeping at night. For a baby to sleep peacefully, you need to put him to bed at the same time. A baby of this period of life has a daily routine that is almost the same as before.

Needs

Despite this, the presence of his parents is mandatory for him. This makes him feel safe. It is worth noting that being alone for a long time can stimulate the development of neurosis in a child.

List of basic needs:

Nutrition and child care

It is optimal to offer a child aged 2 years 10 months 4 meals a day: breakfast, lunch, afternoon snack and dinner. The total volume of grams of food eaten per day is about 1400, including liquid . Of these, half should be consumed during lunch, the other part should be evenly distributed between meals.

A sample menu might look like this:

All new products should be given 1-2 tsp. in the first half of the day, so that it is possible to monitor the body’s reaction to them. While chocolate is prohibited, you can sometimes treat your baby to natural marmalade or marshmallows.

Caring for a child at 2 years 10 months is not much different from what it was before.

The basic rules are the same:

• The baby should sleep in a separate bed , without light shining into the eyes, with minimal noise.
• The room must be ventilated before going to bed.
• After dinner, you should take a walk and take a warm shower.
• Daytime sleep is advisable . The total number of hours of sleep per day is 12.

Video on the topic

About the development of an 11-month-old baby in the video:

11 months is a wonderful, but short period when babies master communication skills. Developmental recommendations show what the baby must cope with, if not now, but soon.

If your baby was born premature, you should take into account the fact that he will need a little more time to develop the necessary skills. When your baby stands confidently but is afraid to walk on his own and holds on to your hand, don't worry. You should consult an orthopedist only if the baby does not get to his feet.

Baby's nutrition at 10 months

At 10 months, most babies continue to receive milk from the breast. Typically, breast milk is fed twice a day: after waking up and before going to bed.

The diet of a 10-month-old toddler already includes many “adult” foods. For example, you can feed him fruits, potatoes, steamed cutlets. All these products must be broken into pieces. It is also possible to introduce a second porridge (from a different cereal) during the day. In general, there is an increase in the amount of food consumed.

In addition, the baby’s diet will become more varied thanks to new drinks: fruit drink, compote, jelly.

It is prohibited to eat such foods as:

• smoked meats;
• pickles;
• any canned food;
• Exotic fruits.

The amount of food a 10-month-old baby eats per day:

• Fruit puree – 90 g, vegetable puree – weight up to 200 g.
• Fruit juices – 90 ml.
• Cottage cheese – weight up to 50 g.
• Half an egg yolk.
• Minced meat – weight up to 50 grams, minced liver – 30 grams.
• Fish puree – 50 gr.
• Kefir – 200 ml.
• Bread – 10 gr.
• Butter – 5 gr.
• Milk porridge – volume up to 200 ml.

A child at this age should learn to eat with a spoon.

Of course, he won't succeed the first time. Cover the floor around the high chair with newspaper. Ask your baby to use a spoon. At first, pieces of food will scatter to the sides and not enter the mouth. But over time, the child will learn how to properly control the spoon.

https://youtube.com/watch?v=1WN1RXaFEmc

Normal weight for a child per year

I wonder if the baby is healthy?

Mothers often have concerns about the weight of their one-year-old children. Toddlers eat little, but move incredibly much. If your baby is active, he may consume fewer calories than he expends. He can also lose weight. But there is no need to worry: when a child is developing at 14 months, underweight is rarely a sign of a serious underlying disease. To be sure, visit your pediatrician and discuss your child’s indicators together.

Our era is distinguished by a different complexity - a tendency towards obesity. Parents should be more concerned about their children becoming overweight each year. Does your baby look chubby? For now, he just has the physique of a baby. The excess fat will go away as he grows up and learns to run.

Your pediatrician will tell you about your child’s normal weight per year. It tracks percentiles of your baby's weight and height to make sure your little one is on a healthy trajectory or to determine how much he or she is missing.

The doctor will provide tips on how to develop healthy eating habits for children:

• prepare and buy nutritious snacks instead of sugary ones;
• encourage to eat fruit;
• offer only drinking water as a drink, not fruit juice;
• create many opportunities for active play - while losing calories, the little one will eat with great appetite.

The pediatrician thinks the baby weighs too much? He may recommend switching to low-fat milk. Don't let your child wander around with a bottle or cup of milk or juice all day long. Can you give me some juice? Limit the portion to 100-180 ml per day. You can increase the volume of juice by diluting it with water. If you continue breastfeeding after a year, the baby will receive some of the fluid through breast milk.

Whenever possible, offer finger food and avoid spoon feeding. When a baby eats on his own, he learns to recognize hunger and satiety. Don't restrict your toddler's healthy diet unless directed by your doctor - restricting him may not get the nutrients his growing body needs.

Features of the development of boys and girls

The development of a 10-month-old baby is very rapid. This process is influenced by gender. Girls are smaller in height and weight than boys. At the same time, in psycho-emotional terms they develop faster.

Physical development is also influenced by:

• congenital and acquired diseases;
• genetics;
• food (menu, mode);
• date of birth;
• activities (gymnastics, massage, games).

During the tenth month of life, children gain about 450 g and grow by 1-1.5 cm. The circumference of the head and chest increases by about 0.5 cm. Each baby grows at its own pace.

The increase in physical indicators (weight, height) at the age of ten months is no longer as intense as in the first half of the year. Coordination of movements improves in babies. This allows them to quickly move around the room by crawling.

Fine motor skills continue to improve. Many children already have 4 teeth at 10 months. In infants, the psycho-emotional sphere and speech are actively developing. The child becomes more social.

The developmental features of boys and girls are given below:

• talk. Girls begin to speak 3-4 months earlier. Their vocabulary is larger;
• sounds. Boys react less well to loud noises;
• face recognition. Girls from the age of 4 months already recognize their mother and father and are wary of strangers. Boys begin to distinguish people later;
• vision. Girls see well with both eyes, and boys see better with their left. Representatives of the weaker sex have more developed peripheral vision, and those of the stronger sex have more developed spatial vision;
• memory. Boys perceive information better by hearing. Girls have well-developed visual memory.

It happens that differences in the development of children of different sexes are invisible. How quickly a child learns everything depends on the activities that parents spend with him.

Physical development of children at 1 year and 2 months

A child of one year and 2 months already has quite a lot of teeth. He has already acquired upper and lower central incisors. The lateral incisors begin to cut. Some children even experience the appearance of their first molars.

In the first year, the baby prepares for physical activity. Boys at this age should weigh 10.1-12.7 kg with a height of 76-83 cm. Their chest should have a circumference of 49.4 cm, and their head should have a circumference of 48.22. For girls, a normal weight is 9.2-11.8 kg with a height of 74-80 cm. Their chest should have a circumference of 48.29 cm, and their head should have a circumference of 48.7.

When assessing the physical development of your baby, do not forget that he is an individual and does not necessarily have to correspond to average parameters. As a rule, children at 1 year and 2 months can already stand and walk independently. Although some start doing this later.

Basic reflexes

Many reflexes of a newborn gradually disappear by the age of one year. For example, a one-year-old child no longer has a startle reflex and a walking reflex. Due to the appearance of teeth, he begins to gradually say goodbye to the sucking reflex. However, in children aged one year and two months, the Babinski reflex continues to manifest itself. It is checked like this: they gently stroke the foot from the heel to the toes, and the baby straightens the toes and turns the legs inward.

Baby's basic skills

• The baby must be able to crawl. Some children who did not start crawling earlier try to start walking right away at this age.
• The child must be able to stand near a support. Holding onto a support, he walks. Able to climb and descend short stairs.
• The toddler uses a cup and spoon.
• The baby listens to adults and should be able to repeat sounds after them. He pronounces the syllables confidently. And the first words, for example, “mom” or “dad,” are already formed from repeated syllables. At the same time, the child understands the meaning of these words. If you ask him where dad is, he will point to dad.
• The baby copies the facial expressions and gestures of adults. He learns the skills he needs for life by imitating his mom and dad. Watch your gestures, as your baby can easily copy them and use them several times a day.
• The child must be able to hold and lift small objects. At 10 months, such objects are more interesting to him than large ones. Playing with small toys is useful for babies, as they allow them to develop fine motor skills. But you should not leave your baby unattended during such games, because he may accidentally swallow an object or stick it in his nose or ear. Without the supervision of the mother, the child can only be given large toys.
• The baby begins to show interest in the children you meet on the playground.

Preventing excess weight and obesity

• Don't reward children for good behavior or try to deter them from bad behavior with sweets or treats. Reward or punishment should not include food; there are many other effective and correct ways of education.
• Don't support a "clean plate policy." Watch for signs that your baby is hungry. Even babies who turn away from the bottle or breast report that they are full. If children are full, don't force them to continue eating. Remind yourself that we should only eat when we are hungry.
• Don’t talk about “bad foods” and don’t completely exclude all sweets and favorite treats from the children’s menu. Children are likely to rebel and eat large quantities of these unhealthy foods outside the home or when their parents are not looking.